Political parties, Interest groups, and campaigns

Impact of 3rd/Minor Parties in POTUS Elections

They influence issues, shift major party platforms, and sometimes act as “spoilers.”

Why 3rd parties do not win

Winner-take-all elections, low funding, and voter fears of “Wasting” a vote

Interest groups

Organizations that aim to influence public policy for specific causes or issues.

Lobbying

Direct interaction with policymakers to provide information, draft legislation, or persuade

Iron triangle

A mutally beneficial relationship between a congressional committee, an agency, and an interest group

Goals of interest groups vs. Political parties

Interest groups influence policy; political parties aim to win elections and govern

Incumbent Advantage

Current officeholders have higher reelection chances due to name recognition and fundraising

Campaign finance 

The fundraising and spending rules that shape political campaigns 

Horse race media coverage

Media that focuses on polling, strategy, and whos “ahead” rather than issues

Impact of 24-hour news and social media

Creates constant coverage, faster information spread, more polarization, and misinformation

Social media and the presidency

The president uses platforms to shape public opinion, communicate directly , and pressure congress