Aice Lang Vocab 3

Sarcasm

def: The use of irony to mock or convey contempt

ex: “Well aren’t you a ray of sunshine.”

Ethos

def: The set of beliefs, ideas, about the social behavior and relationships of a person or group. Establish trust because of similar beliefs

ex: “Having served as a firefighter for 15 years, I can tell you that wearing a helmet can save your life.”

Pathos

def: The power of a person, situation, piece of writing, or work of art to cause feelings of sadness, especially because people feel sympathy. Appeal to feelings.

ex: “If we don’t take care of our planet, what kind of world will our children grow up in?”

Logos

def: Rhetorical appeal that uses logic, reason and evidence to persuade an audience.

ex: “All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.”

Verbal Irony

def: A figure of speech where a speaker or character says something opposite of what they actually mean.

ex: “Oh great, another rainy day. Just what I needed.”

Situational Irony

def: Outcome of situation is opposite of what is expected, often creating a surprising twist.

ex: Young couple sells their most valuable possessions to get a Christmas gift for each other but it’s useless because of what they sold.

Dramatic Irony

def: The audience knows something crucial that a character in the story does not.

ex: Juliet fakes her death but Romeo does not know and kills himself.

Active Voice

def: when the subject of a sentence performs the action, making the writing clearer, more direct, and concise.

ex: “The dog bit the cat”

Passive Voice

def: Subject of a sentence is acted upon by the verb, rather than performing the action.

ex: “The cat was bit by the dog.”

3rd Person Objective

def: Narrative style where the narrator reports on external actions and dialogue, without access to any character's inner thoughts and feelings.

ex: “The family walked into the store and bought two lawn chairs.”

3rd Person Omniscient

def: Narrative style where all-knowing narrator has access to thoughts, feelings, and actions of every character.

ex: “Anna was thrilled opening her gift while Jake was anxious because the box was empty.

3rd Person Limited

def: Tells story from a single character’s perspective.

ex: “Emma couldn’t believe her luck after finding the four leaf clover.”