UNIT 2 APHG MC STUDY GUIDE

Arithmetic Population Density

A calculation of the total number of people divided by the total area of a place, not considering land quality.

Physiological/Agricultural Density

Measures the total number of people divided by the total amount of farmable land.

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to arable (farmable) land.

Population Pyramids

Graphical representations showing the distribution of various age groups in a population.

Wide Base Population Pyramid

Indicates a high number of children, typical in countries with high fertility rates (e.g., Africa).

Wide Top Population Pyramid

Indicates a high number of elderly, typical in countries with low fertility rates (e.g., Japan).

Cohorts

The lines in population pyramids representing different age groups.

J-Curve Population Pyramid

Characterized by a large number of children and a small elderly population, typical in less developed countries (LDC).

Rectangle Population Pyramid

Represents a balanced number of children, elderly, and working population, typical in more developed countries (MDC).

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A theory explaining how populations change over time, including migration, fertility, and economic development.

Stage 1 of DTM

Characterized by high birth and death rates, stable or slow population increase, with no current countries in this stage.

Stage 2 of DTM

High birth rates and declining death rates, leading to rapid population growth, typical of agricultural societies.

Stage 3 of DTM

Falling birth rates and slowly declining death rates, associated with industrial societies and urbanization.

Stage 4 of DTM

Low birth and death rates, stable population growth, typical of tertiary societies with high living standards.

Stage 5 of DTM

Very low birth rates and low death rates, leading to slow population increase, with some countries experiencing population decline.

Epidemiological Transition Model

Describes the transition of disease patterns in populations over time.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The difference between birth rate and death rate, indicating population growth.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman has during her reproductive years, with a world average of 2.1.

Dependency Ratios

Measures of the percentage of dependents (youth and elderly) relying on the working-age population.

Doubling Time

The time it takes for a population to double, calculated using the rule of 7.

Thomas Malthus

A British economist who theorized that population growth would outpace food supply, leading to famine.

Neo-Malthusians

Individuals concerned with overpopulation and its impact on resources beyond just food, including energy and water.

Cyclic Movements

Movements that involve going somewhere and returning, such as commuting or seasonal migration.

Migration

The movement of people from one place of residence to another, which can be forced or voluntary.

Push Factors

Reasons that drive migrants to leave their home, such as conflict or environmental issues.