Chapter 10 Study Guide - Bio 1203 Fall 2025 - Karia

Flashcards covering key concepts from the eukaryotic cell cycle, mitosis, bacterial cell division, chromosome structure, and regulatory mechanisms.

What process allows for rapid bacterial population growth under favorable conditions?

Binary fission.

How does binary fission differ from eukaryotic cell division?

Binary fission does not involve mitosis or meiosis.

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

46 chromosomes.

What are the main phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation for mitosis), and M (mitosis and cytokinesis).

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA replication occurs, resulting in sister chromatids.

What role do checkpoints play in the cell cycle?

They ensure conditions are favorable for cell division and monitor DNA integrity and chromosome attachment.

What is the function of the centromere during cell division?

It is critical for the segregation of sister chromatids.

What are telomeres?

Structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that protect them from degradation.

What is karyotyping?

A technique used to visualize chromosomes to identify abnormalities.

What happens if errors are detected during cell cycle checkpoints?

The cell cycle can be halted for repair mechanisms to correct issues.

What can errors during mitosis lead to?

Aneuploidy or an abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

What are tumor suppressor genes?

Genes that help regulate cell division and prevent uncontrolled growth.

What is the main role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

They regulate the timing and progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks).