Vessels Arteries-Lower Extremity

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?

The right and left common iliac arteries

What do the common iliac arteries divide into?

The internal iliac and external iliac arteries.

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

As it passes under the inguinal ligament

What is the deep femoral artery?

A branch of the femoral artery.

What does the deep femoral artery supply?

It travels posterior to the femur to supply the hamstring muscles.

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

As it passes behind the knee.

Through what structure does the femoral artery pass to become the popliteal artery?

The adductor hiatus (an opening in the adductor magnus muscle).

What directional change does the femoral artery make at the adductor hiatus?

It moves from the anterior thigh to the posterior knee.

What happens if the popliteal artery is occluded?

Collateral circulation around the knee allows blood to still reach the leg.

What do genicular arteries do?

Provide collateral circulation at the knee between the femoral and tibial arteries.

What does the popliteal artery bifurcate into?

Anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries.

What does the posterior tibial artery supply?

The posterior compartment (flexor muscles of the foot).

What is the fibular artery?

A branch of the posterior tibial artery supplying the lateral compartment (fibularis muscles).

What do plantar arteries supply?

The plantar (bottom) muscles of the foot.

What does the anterior tibial artery supply?

The anterior compartment (extensor muscles of the foot).

What does the anterior tibial artery become?

The dorsalis pedis artery (on the dorsum of the foot).

Where does the anterior tibial become dorsalis pedis?

At an imaginary line between the medial and lateral malleoli.

Where is a common pulse point in the foot?

The dorsalis pedis artery on the dorsum of the foot.

What does the dorsalis pedis artery become?

The arcuate artery.

How is collateral circulation maintained in the foot?

The arcuate artery (anterior tibial) anastomoses with plantar arteries (posterior tibial).

Genicular arteries =

Collateral Circulation around the Knee

Anterior Tibial artery

medial/ lateral malleolus —> Dorsalis Pedis artery —>Arcuate artery

What is the aorta called in the thorax?

The descending (thoracic) aorta.

What branches come off the thoracic aorta?

Posterior intercostal arteries.

Where do internal thoracic arteries come from?

The subclavian arteries.

Where are the internal thoracic arteries located?

On each side of the sternum.

What do internal thoracic arteries supply?

The respiratory diaphragm.

What branches come from the internal thoracic arteries?

Anterior intercostal arteries.

What supplies the intercostal muscles?

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries.

How is collateral circulation maintained in intercostal spaces?

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries anastomose, allowing alternate blood flow if one is blocked.

What is the aorta called in the abdomen?

The abdominal aorta.

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into

The right and left common iliac arteries.

Unpaired Digestive Branches

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

What does the celiac trunk supply?

Liver, stomach, spleen

What does the Superior Mesenteric Artery

Small intestine + first part of large intestine

What does Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Second part of colon + rectum

Paired Branches

Renal Arteries and Gonadal Arteries

What do renal arteries supply?

The kidneys

What do gonadal arteries supply?

Ovaries or testes

What do common iliac arteries divide into?

Internal and external iliac arteries

What does the external iliac artery become?

The femoral artery (under inguinal ligament)

What does the internal iliac artery supply?

• Pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum)

• Gluteal muscles

origin-Where do gluteal arteries come from?

The internal iliac artery

What determines “superior” vs “inferior” gluteal arteries?

Their position relative to the piriformis muscle

What does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Gluteus maximus

What is the supply rule relative to piriformis?

• Above piriformis → Superior gluteal artery

• Below piriformis → Inferior gluteal artery

During a battle, Private Gump was injured by a piece of shrapnel produced from an explosion.The shrapnel entered his buttock and imbedded into an artery just below the piriformis muscle.

Which of the following arteries did the shrapnel damage ?

Inferior gluteal artery

A physician in the hospital examines the blood flow in the lower extremity of a patient.

She compares the radial artery pulse with an artery in the lower extremity.

The artery of the lower extremity is located between the Tibialis anterior and Extensor

Digitorum Longus muscles – and between the medial and lateral malleolus.

What is the name of this artery ?

dorsalis pedis artery

The Anterior Tibial artery becomes the Dorsalis Pedis

at the medial & lateral malleolus.

The Fibular artery is a branch off

of the Posterior Tibial artery

The Deep Femoral artery supplies blood

to the posterior area of the thigh.

Collateral circulation around the knee

involves genicular arteries

Arteries

-conduct blood AWAY from the heart then into capillaries

-Arteries are high-pressure vessels

Veins

-conduct blood TOWARDS the heart begin at capillaries

-Veins are low-pressure vessels

There are 3 types of capillaries

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal