A&P LAB CH4+5

selectively permeable

allow nutrients to enter cell but keep undesirable products

solute

substance that dissolves in a liquid to make a mixture

solvent

substance dissolves another substance to form solutions

concentration gradient

difference in concentration (high to low)

diffusion

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

osmosis

diffusion of water through semipermeable membrane

hypertonic

solution with a higher concentration of solutes (shrink/crenation)

hypotonic

solution with a lower solute concentration

isotonic

solution has same salt and water concentration

apical surface

free exposed side of epithelial cell (absorbs)

basal surface

faces inward- rests on basement membrane

avascular

having little to no blood vessels

cuboidal cells

cube shaped epithelial cell (height, depth, and length are equal)

microvilli

tiny projections on surface of cells increase surface area and absorb

cilia

hair like structures, push things around, movement

ground substance

clear viscous fluid that fills space between cells

large proteins

traps water to keep tissues hydrated

compact (cortical) bone

dense solid (osteon)

provides hard protection, resists against forces

weight of body

main shaft (diaphysis) of long bone

spongy (cancellos) bone

interior of bones, exapnds epiphysis

porous and light weight; trabeculae

reduces weight of skeleton

houses blood cell producing marrow

skeletal

under voluntary control

contracts and moves limbs

striated

cardiac

heart; striated; involuntary

specialized junctions (intercalated discs)

branching cells with one nucleus

smooth

walls of hollow organs

central nucleus; NOT STRIATED

involuntary control

Neuroglial cell

special supporting cell protects, supports insulate delicate neurons

neuron

recieve stimuli, conduct impulses to all parts of body, long cytoplasm to send signals