APUSH Chapter 13: Political and Economic Developments in Early 19th Century America

Corrupt Bargain

Alleged deal in 1824 election between Adams and Clay.

Spoils System

Rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

Tariff of Abominations

1828 tariff raising duties, harming Southern economies.

Protectionism

Economic policy shielding domestic industries via tariffs.

South Carolina Exposition

Calhoun's 1828 document arguing for nullification rights.

Nullification

Doctrine allowing states to invalidate unconstitutional federal laws.

Compromise Tariff of 1833

Gradually reduced tariffs to resolve Nullification Crisis.

Force Bill

1833 law allowing military force to enforce federal laws.

Indian Removal Act

1830 law facilitating forced relocation of Native tribes.

Trail of Tears

Cherokee relocation (1838-1839) causing thousands of deaths.

Black Hawk War

1832 conflict between U.S. and Black Hawk's tribes.

Chief Osceola

Leader resisting removal during the Second Seminole War.

Bank of the United States

National bank aimed at stabilizing the economy.

Nicholas Biddle

President of the Second Bank, key in Bank War.

Biddle's Panic

1837 financial crisis due to Biddle's bank influence.

Pet Banks

State banks receiving federal funds post-Bank dismantling.

Specie Circular

1836 order requiring land purchases in gold or silver.

Key Figures in Texas Revolution

Crockett, Bowie, and Houston led Texas independence efforts.

Battle of the Alamo

1836 siege symbolizing Texan resistance against Mexico.

Battle of Goliad

Texan defeat leading to execution of captured soldiers.

Battle of San Jacinto

Decisive 1836 battle securing Texas' independence.

'Old Tippecanoe'

Nickname for William Henry Harrison, 1840 presidential candidate.

Two-Party System

Emergence of Democratic and Whig parties in 1830s.