Density and Temperature Scales

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the lecture notes on density and temperature scale conversions.

Density

A measure of how much mass something has relative to how much space it takes up, defined as mass per unit volume ($d = \frac{m}{V}$).

Density Formula

The mathematical formula defining density as mass divided by volume, represented as $d = \frac{m}{V}$.

Intensive Property

A physical property that is independent of the size or amount of the sample, such as density.

Mass and Volume Balance Scale Comparison

A visual representation showing that for equal volumes, greater mass means higher density; for equal masses, larger volume means lower density.

Densities of Common Substances Table

A reference table listing densities in $\text{g/mL}$ of various substances at $25\,^\circ\text{C}$, including Gold ($19.3\,\text{g/mL}$), Lead ($11.3\,\text{g/mL}$), and Water ($0.997\,\text{g/mL}$).

Fahrenheit Scale

A temperature scale on which water freezes at $32\,^\circ\text{F}$ and boils at $212\,^\circ\text{F}$.

Celsius Scale

A temperature scale on which water freezes at $0\,^\circ\text{C}$ and boils at $100\,^\circ\text{C}$.

Kelvin Scale

The SI base unit scale for temperature on which water freezes at $273.15\,\text{K}$ and boils at $373.15\,\text{K}$.

Absolute Zero

The coldest possible temperature, defined as $0\,\text{K}$ on the Kelvin scale.

Temperature Scales Diagram

A side-by-side comparison illustrating the freezing and normal boiling points of water across the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales.

Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion Formula

The equation used to convert temperature from Fahrenheit ($T_{\text{F}}$) to Celsius ($T_{\text{C}}$), written as $T_{\text{C}} = \frac{5}{9}(T_{\text{F}} - 32)$.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula

The equation used to convert temperature from Celsius ($T_{\text{C}}$) to Fahrenheit ($T_{\text{F}}$), written as $T_{\text{F}} = \frac{9}{5}T_{\text{C}} + 32$.

Celsius to Kelvin Conversion Formula

The equation used to convert temperature from Celsius ($T_{\text{C}}$) to Kelvin ($T_{\text{K}}$), written as $T_{\text{K}} = T_{\text{C}} + 273.15$.

Density Units

Units that express mass divided by volume, such as $\text{g/mL}$ or $\text{g/cm}^3$.

Density of Water at 4°C

The density of pure water at $4\,^\circ\text{C}$, which is exactly $1.000\,\text{g/mL}$.

Density of Water at 25°C

The density of liquid water at room temperature ($25\,^\circ\text{C}$), which is $0.997\,\text{g/mL}$.