Topic 5 The Early Republic

what was the conflict with the native americans?

settlers kept moving west and west that kept moving the natives more west. They made a treaty that the americans ignored.

what did tecumesh, a native american, hate about the americans?

tecumesh hated that native americans would rely on americans for goods.

what are the causes of the war of 1812

Britain and France were seizing American ships and cargos Britain was kidnapping American sailors. Warhawks and Congress wanted to fight Britain and the Canada, Great Lakes area, and Florida

What were problems that America wasn’t ready for war?

Jefferson had a small army and navy a few supplies and poorly trained troops volunteers promised money and land to join.

what did the US win fighting in canada?

they won toronto and lake erie.

what happened after the americans won lake erie?

the british and their native allies retreated.

what happened to the new capital?

british troops burned it down

what is the treaty of ghent?

the treaty of ghent stopped the war but solved no problems

Why did George Washington feel nervous and serious?

Since he was the first president, he had nobody to as an example (to follow).

Who was the first President of the United States and was he inaugurated?

George Washington and he was inaugurated in New York.

What are precedents, as established by Washington?

Actions future presidents would follow

What is the Cabinet and how did they help Washington?

A group of advisors chosen by the President helped Washington by making decisions.

Who was the Secretary of State in Washington's Cabinet?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington's Cabinet?

Alexander Hamilton

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 create?

The Supreme Court and other courts.

Who was the first Chief Justice of the United States?

John Jay

What were Alexander Hamilton's goals for the national debt?

Pay off all debts, use tariffs to raise money, and create a National Bank

Why did farmers rebel in Western Pennsylvania during the Whiskey Rebellion?

Because Congress taxed whiskey, which hurt them financially

What did Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate?

The government was strong and would not allow violence.

What was Washington's stance on the French Revolution?

He decided to stay neutral and not take sides.

What were the terms of Jay's Treaty?

Britain had to pay for damaged ships, and the U.S. had to pay old debts to Britain.

What warnings did Washington give in his Farewell Address?

Stay out of foreign alliances and avoid getting involved in European wars.

Why was Washington nervous when he became president?

Washington was nervous when he became president because he had no guidelines. He had to figure it out himself.

Why did Washington choose a group of advisors called a cabinet?

Washington set up a cabinet because he needed advice.

Who was part of Washington’s cabinet?

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, and Alexander Hamilton secretary of treasury

Who is John Jay?

John Jay was part of the judiciary act that created the Supreme Court and other courts he was chosen for the first chief justice of the United States

Why couldn’t the United States all pay the debt together?

They couldn’t pay the debt altogether because the southern states don’t want to repay states debts.

how does Alexander Hamilton solve the debt with the national bank?

The national bank helped manage money and loans. it balanced and fixed the economy

what was the whiskey rebellion?

The whiskey rebellion is about farmers rebelling because the tax on the whiskey hurt them and their economy. (whiskey was a big product)

what is the neutrality proclamation of 1793?

The neutrality proclamation Is an act that they can’t take sides neither France or Britain. They can’t afford choosing sides, they still recovering from the American Revolution.

why did Jefferson leave the cabinet?

He left the cabinet because Washington issued the neutrality proclamation of 1793.

what caused Washington to send John Jay to make a treaty?

The reason is why Britain was capturing American ships and the British had to pay for the damage of the ships.

What was the reaction of the public when John Jay made the treaty?

The Americans were angry, but it helped avoid war with Britain.

what did Washington’s farewell speech address?

Washington speech said to please follow the checks and balance system in the constitution and to stay out of wars. he also said to stay out of foreign alliances and to not make political parties.

what is a political party?

Political parties are groups that support certain ideas about the government. (democratic republic and federalists)

why did Washington dislike political parties?

he disliked political parties because it could divide the country.

what did Hamilton support?

Hamilton was a strong federalist. He wanted a strong central government favored business and trade supported Britain because they were good trading partners and supported a national bank. He also supported that the government should be run by the wealthy and educated.

what did Jefferson support?

Jefferson was a democratic Republican he Favor, small farmers in farming manufacturing and trade world, corrupt the nation and believed ordinary people should run the government.

how did political parties form?

Political parties formed by two different people with two different ideas. Which gather supporters of their idea.(democratic republic and federalist)

how did newspaper start to change the debate?

The newspapers influenced public opinion and increased political conflict

what happened when Adam became president and Jefferson became vice president?

discrete attention because they were from different parties, but felt that this was the best way to represent both parties

What is a political party?

A group that supports certain ideas about government.

Which president warned that political parties could divide the country?

George Washington

What are the key differences between Alexander Hamilton's and Thomas Jefferson's views on government?

Hamilton wanted a strong central government, favored business and trade, and believed the wealthy should govern. Jefferson wanted strong state governments, favored small farmers, and believed ordinary people should govern.

How did Jefferson interpret the Constitution?

He believed the government should only do what the Constitution clearly states.

How did Hamilton interpret the Constitution?

He believed in a looser interpretation—if something is “necessary and proper,” it’s allowed.

What party did Jefferson and Madison form?

Democratic Republicans

What party did Hamilton form?

Federalists

What did Federalist newspapers support?

Hamilton and his policies.

What did Republican newspapers support?

Jefferson and his policies.

Who ran for president in the election of 1796?

John Adams (Federalist) and Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican).

What was the outcome of the election of 1796, and why did it create tension?

Adams became President, and Jefferson became Vice President. This created tension because they were from different parties.

What is a faction?

A small group within a larger one, often with different ideas

What does unconstitutional mean?

Not allowed by the Constitution

Who led the Democratic Republicans and what did they support?

Jefferson, supported farmers and states’ rights

Who led the Federalists and what did they support?

Hamilton, supported a strong national government

What does unify mean?

To bring together

What does subsidize mean?

To support financially

what was the XYZ affair?

The XYZ affair is when the French sent agents to try to bribe Americans to give them money.

how did the XYZ affair affect the public?

The XYZ affected the public because after this many wanted war, but Adams chose peace

Who wanted war with France?

Alexander Hamilton and others wanted war with France

Who didn’t want to war?

Adam’s refused war which split the federalist party. this led him to send more diplomats to France and Napoleon agreed to stop attacking ships

what are the alien and Sedition acts?

the alien act could let the president expel/remove immigrants seen as dangerous. The sedition act could cause citizens get in jail for criticizing the government

what amendment did the alien and sedition act violate?

The alien and sedition act violated the first amendment freedom of speech.

what happened when Jefferson became president?

When Jefferson became president it calm fears and reduced arguments. It helps people feel like they had control. He promoted less government involvement in the economy. cut government spending reduce the army and Navy, ended the whiskey tax, and pardon people jailed by the sedition act.

What is a tribute?

A payment or bribe

What is sedition?

Stirring up rebellion against the government

What does it mean to nullify a law?

To cancel or ignore a law

What are states' rights?

Belief that states have their own powers

What is laissez-faire?

Letting people and businesses do as they wish without much government interference

What is judicial review?

The power of courts to decide if laws are constitutional

What was the French reaction to Jay's Treaty with Britain?

France got upset about it.

What action did French ships take in 1797?

They started seizing American ships in 1797.

What happened during the XYZ Affair?

French agents asked for a bribe, which Americans refused.

How did President John Adams respond to tensions with France?

He chose peace and built strong navy ships (frigates).

Who wanted war with France, causing a split in the Federalist Party?

Alexander Hamilton and others

What was the outcome of Adams sending more diplomats to France?

Napoleon agreed to stop attacking ships.

Like Washington, what did Adams achieve regarding war?

He kept the U.S. out of war.

Why did Federalists pass the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798?

To limit Democratic Republicans

What did the Alien Act allow?

The President could expel immigrants seen as dangerous.

What did the Sedition Act state?

Citizens could be jailed for criticizing the government.

Why was the Sedition Act controversial?

Many felt it violated the First Amendment (free speech).

What did Jefferson and Madison say states could do in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

States could nullify (cancel) federal laws.

What belief underpinned the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

They believed states had rights the federal government couldn’t take away.

In the election of 1800, who did the Democratic Republicans nominate for President and Vice President?

Jefferson for President, Burr for Vice President.

What was the result of the election of 1800?

Jefferson and Burr tied with 73 votes each.

How was the tie in the election of 1800 resolved?

The House of Representatives chose Jefferson as President, Burr as VP.

What was significant about the election of 1800?

This peaceful switch in parties set a precedent for democracy.

What was Jefferson's initial goal as President?

Wanted to calm fears and reduce arguments.

What economic policy did Jefferson promote?

Promoted laissez-faire (less government involvement in the economy).

What were some of Jefferson's actions as president?

Cut government spending, reduced the army and navy, ended the whiskey tax, and pardoned people jailed by the Sedition Act.

Which Federalist idea did Jefferson retain?

He kept some Federalist ideas like the national bank.

What type of case was Marbury v. Madison?

Supreme Court case in 1803.

What was the ruling in Marbury v. Madison?

Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that a part of a law was unconstitutional.

What power did Marbury v. Madison give the Supreme Court?

Gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review.

What is judicial review?

The ability to decide if laws are constitutional.

How was the Supreme Court's new power received?

The court’s power was accepted, even though Jefferson didn’t like it.

What is an Expedition?

A journey with a purpose, especially for exploration

What is a Continental Divide?

A ridge that separates rivers flowing in different directions

What is Impressment?

Forcing people into military service