Dental Terminology: Chapter 6 ALl

patient health history

written and oral communication regarding the patient's present and past health status, including medication, treatment, allergies, and health concerns

vital signs

body indications of the patient's present health status, including blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature, and the patient's concept of pain

blood pressure (BP)

an indication of the pulsating force of blood circulating through the blood vessels at rest diastolic and while under the highest pressure of the circulating blood, systolic pressure: recorded as systolic/diastolic(120/80)

stethoscope

device employed to intensify body sounds

diaphragm

a thin layer over the disc end of the stethoscope that helps to enlarge or amplify pulse and body sounds

sphygmomanometer

an instrument employed to measure the arterial blood pressure

aneroid

air pressure

antecubital fossa

interior depression or bend of the elbow; the approximate area for the placement of the stethoscope diaphragm to determine blood pressure sound

brachial artery

situated at the inside, upper arm area; selected site of blood-pressure cuff placement

pulse

beating force for blood circulating through arteries, which is classified according to rate, rhythm, and condition

accelerated

faster pulse rate than expected or normal, also called rapid

alternating

changing back and forth of weak and strong pulsations

arrhythmia

irregular heartbeat or pulsations

bradycardia

pulse rate under 60 beats per minute(bpm)

tachycardia

an abnormal condition of pulse rates over 100bpm (except in children)

deficit

lower pulse rate at the wrist than at the heart site; heart flutter

febrile

normal pulse rate becoming weak and feeble with prostration or illness

frequency

pulse count; number of pulsations, which differs with age, sex, body position, health of patient

intermittent

occasional skipping of heartbeat

irregular

variation of force or frequency in pulse rate

regular

uniform pulse force, frequency, and duration

thready

a fine, hard to locate, barely perceivable pulse

respiration

inhaling or breathing in of oxygen and the exhaling or expelling of carbon dioxide; are described according to rate, character, and rhythm

inspiration

breathing in

expiration

breathing out

absent

suppresses respiratory sounds

apea

cessation of breathing, usually temporary

Cheyne- Stokes

respirations gradually increasing in volume until climax, and then subsiding and ceasing for a short period of time before starting again; may be noted in dying

deep

strong inhalation of air with exhilation

dyspnea

out of breath; difficult or labored breathing

frequent

rapid breathing that may be noted in children, those with disease, those in hysteria, or those in a drug-induced condition

rale

noisy, bubbling sounds from long mucous, heard on inhalation

shallow

short inhalation with small rise in chest

slow

fewer than 12 respirations per minute

stertorous

rattling, bubbling, or snoring sounds that obscure normal breaths

temperature

balance of heat loss and production in a body and may be taken at various sites, such as oral, rectal, axillary, and aural(pertaining to the ear)

fever

elevated body temperature, usually considered over 38.3 C (100-103 F)

hyperthermia

body temperature exceeding 40 C (104F)

hypothermia

body temperature below 35 C (95F)

tympanic

measurement of body heat registered by an ear thermometer

emergency call list

important phone numbers necessary in an emergency, which are located in a prominent position near every available phone

oxygen source

container with oxygen gas tank, colored green; obtained in various sizes and may be centrally supplied to each work station

oxygen regulator

device used to control the flow of oxygen

oxygen flowmeter

gauge used to adjust the flow amount of oxygen

oxygen mask

device placed over a patients nose and mouth to administer gas; may be clear or tinted plastic or rubber material

demand-valve resuscitator

device attached to an oxygen mask to apply pressure to the oxygen flow and thereby inflate the lungs

AMBU-bag

handheld squeeze device with a mask that is placed over the patients nose and mouth and used to force atmospheric air into the patients lungs; may also be attached to the oxygen supply to force oxygen to lungs

emergency tray

a tray assembled with materials and items necessary for emergencies; often supplied in kit form with medicines, administration items, and chemicals to be used for various emergency events

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

abdominal thrust

quick, jabbing pressure and force at belt line to force air up into the windpipe

asphyxiation

not breathing; a result of oxygen imbalance

chest thrusts

applying quick pressure on the chest to force air upward into the windpipe to dislodge the obstruction; may be used on pregnant women as a substitute for abdominal thrusts

cricothyrotomy

an insert or cut into the thyroid and cricoid cartilage to introduce an emergency air supply

gastric distension

condition resulting from air having been forced into the abdomen instead of the lungs

heimlich maneuver

procedure in which abdominal thrusts are applied to a choking patient, which forces air from the diaphragm upward to expel a blocking in the airway

hypoxia

a lack of inspired oxygen

stoma

artificial opening into the windpipe that is placed between the mouth and lung; the opening is at the frontal base of neck into the windpipe for air intake

tracheotomy

a cut and an insertion of a tube into the trachea for an emergency air supply

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPR; life saving measure that combines artificial respiration with external cardiac massage

automated external defibrillator (AED)

mechanical/electrical device used to revive and stimulate the heart of a patient in cardiac arrest

airway device

tube inserted into the mouth and down the throat to provide air to the windpipe

compression

force applied to the chest, providing pressure on the heart to imitate a heartbeat or pulsation

finger sweep

using a finger in the mouth of an unconscious person to locate and wipe out any airway obstruction

sternum

breastbone, which is the flat bone between the ribs

xiphoid process

lowest portion of the sternum with no ribs attached

syncope

fainting

anaphylactic

shock arising from a reaction to a body allergen

cardiogenic

shock arising from improper heart action

hemorrhage

shock arising from excessive blood loss

metabolic

shock arising from endocrine diseases and disorders, such as diabetes

neurogenic

shock arising from nervous impulses

postural

shock arising from a sudden change in body positions

psychogenic

shock arising from mental origins

respiratory

shock arising from insufficient breathing

septic

shock arising from a microbial infection

allergic reaction

caused by a person's sensitivity to a specific antigen that can result in various symptoms

anaphylaxis

an allergic reaction of the body resulting in lowered blood pressure, swelling of the throat, shock, and even death

itching

a condition of irritation of the skin, scalp, or mucous membranes

erythema

a red rash or blotching of the skin

edema

a tissue swelling, enlargement of a body area

vesicle formation

small, watery blisters

urticaria

commonly called hives or wheals; vascular skin reaction

asthma

chronic disorder that is characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing caused by spasms of the bronchial tubes or swollen mucous membranes

extrinsic

resulting from allergens entering the body(animal, dust, foods) (usually in children)

intrinsic

resulting from bronchial infection allergens(usually affecting older patients)

status asthmaticus

severe asthma attack that may be fatal

diabetes mellitus

disorder of the metabolism of carbohydrates

-type 1: insulin-dependent diabetes; treatment consists of insulin intake; has early onset

-type 2: noninsulin-dependent diabetes usually develops later in life and may be regulated by diet control and/or taking oral communication

-type 3: gestational diabetes mellitus may occur in pregnant women who have never had or been tested for diabetes before pregnancy

diabetic coma

loss of consciousness because of severe untreated or unregulated hyperglycemia, a condition termed diabetic acidosis

glucose

sugar, an important carbohydrate in body metbolism

hyperglycemia

condition characterized by an increase in blood sugar

hypoglycemia

condition in which the blood sugar is abnormally low

insulin

hormone release by the pancreas that is essential for the proper metabolism of sugar

insulin shock

condition produced by an overdose of insulin resulting in a lowered blood sugar level

juvenile diabetes

onset of diabetes in a person under 15 years of age

ketone

acidic substance resulting from metabolism; sometimes produces an acetone mouth odor similar to the odor of nail polish remover

epilepsy

disease characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from disturbed brain functioning; symptoms can range from mild twitching to periods of unconsciousness accompanied with body movements and actions

petit mal seizure

small seizures consisting of momentary unconsciousness with mild body movements or actions of staring off into space; sometimes called absence seizures

grand mal seizure

significant epileptic attack that may include an aura, unconsciousness, spasms, mouth frothing, incontinence, and coma

status epilepticus

rapid succession of epileptic attacks without the persons regaining consciousness between the occurrences

aura

a subtle sensation of oncoming physical or mental disorder