CESC 11

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Gesellschaft

members of the society driven solely by self interest

Gemeinschaft

social unity brought about by unity of will

Community

it is where the people work, play, and live

Community

it is a group of people who occupy a common contiguous territory, possed of common sets of traditions associated with living together in that territory, and served by a set of local institutions in which the people are conscious

Types of Communities

• URBAN COMMUNITIES

• RURAL COMMUNITIES

• SUBURBAN COMMUNITY

• SLUMS

Urban Communities

• include cities

• there are lots of people close together in a small amount of space

• there is not much open space of natural areas

Rural Communities

• are called the “country” composed of farm lands

• areas are more open spaces and lots compared to urban areas

• number of people is much fewer than urban areas

Suburban Communities

• are usually close to, but not in, cities

• houses are often in neighborhoods and many people have yards

• there are many natural areas

Slum

• is usually a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units in a situation of deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by impoverished persons

Social Science Perspective

• a community is a congregation of people unified by at least one common characteristic

• people can be unified by geography, shared interests, values, experiences, or traditions

• there is a common pattern of behavior

• the course of embracing the behavior patterns of the community is referred to as Socialization

Community-Based Perspective

• community is seen as a setting for intervention, target for change, resource and agent from the community-based perspective ( Merzel and D’Afflitti, 2003 ), ( Mc Leroy, 2003 )

Setting for Intervention

• concerns education, health and other services.

• mainly defined geographically

Target for Change

• denotes the goal of creating a healthy environment

Resource

• denotes community ownership and participation

• a good material for promotion

Agent

• focus on respecting and reinforcing the natural adaptive, supportive and developmental capacities of communities

Ecological Perspective

• a community is a congregation of species that occur together in time and space, and also has a high probability for interaction. Social ecology, as exemplified by Bronfenbrenner ( 1979 )

• looks at the behavior of individuals in a wide social context, which is comprised of the development history of the individuals, their psychological characteristics, interpersonal relationships, neighborhood, organizations, community, public policy, physical environment, and culture.

Sectoral Perspective

• communities are seen as a system that is comprised of individuals and sectors with diverse characteristics and interrelationships ( Thompson, et AI., 1990 )

• the sectors are composed of groups of individuals embodying distinct roles and interests within the community system; every sector functions within particular margins to sustain the requirements of its members and beneficiaries

Civil Society Perspective

• is generally defined as a wide array of nongovernmental organizations and volunteer groups that are fighting for solutions to social issues that continue worsen the condition of the disadvantaged sectors of society, especially the poor

• is embedded in the community ( Warwick and Votizwinker, 2014 )

Natures of Community

1. A community is a sociological construct

2. A community has fuzzy boundaries

3. A community can exist within a larger community

4. A community may move

Power ( in a community )

• is the capacity to influence the decision-making and distribution processes, to bring about change and get things done.

• is exercised by power actors

Community Dynamics

is the process of change, growth, and development in communities involving all of its members.