Chemistry Ionic and covalent bonds

Ion

This is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

Cation

When an atom loses an electron, it loses a negative charge and becomes a _.

Anion

When an atom gains an electron, it gains a negative charge and becomes a _.

Ionic Bond

This type of bond is made between a Metal and a Non-metal

Formula Unit

This is a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound. Ex: H2O

subscript

This tells you the # of atoms present for the element and is located to the right of the # in a formula unit. EX: There are 2 atoms of Hydrogen (H) in the formula unit H2O

Cation

For an ionic compound, the name of the ion comes first, followed by the name of the Anion.

Metal

These elements always lose electrons and become Cations

Non-metal

These elements always gain electrons and become Anions

Valence Electrons

The electrons responsible for an atom's chemical behavior are called .

Octet Rule

Atoms want to have 8 electrons in their outer most energy level

a Metal + a Non-metal

What type of elements will always make an Ionic bond?

a Non-metal + a Non-metal

What type of elements will always make a covalent bond?

Covalent Bond

Bond made between at least 2 Non-metal atoms

Diatomic Molecules

The seven elements that naturally have 2 atoms share electrons. These elements are Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, and F

Molecule

a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds

3

How many electrons does Phosphorus (P) need to have an octet?

2

How many electrons does Oxygen (O) need to have an octet?

1

How many electrons does Iodine (I) need to have an octet?

Dot Structures

Gilbert Lewis invented the method of identifying the # of valence electrons an element can make a bond called __

Ionic Bond

Cation(s) and Anion(s) combine to cancel out their charges in this type of bond

Covalent Bond

Electrons being shared between at least 2 atoms in this type of bond

Ionic Bond

Electrons being "transfered" between at least 2 atoms in this type of bond

Boron (B)

Which atom does not make a diatomic molecule?

1) Oxygen (O)

2) Nitrogen (N)

3) Boron (B)

4) Bromine (Br)

Group #

An element's __ will tell you the # of valence electrons it contains