Studied by 5 people
hindsight bias
one becomes convinced they accurately predicted an event before it occurs
overconfidence
overestimation of one’s true ability to do something
theory
a principle of interrelated principles that predicts a # of interrelated phenomena
hypothesis
a precise n testable estimate of what the researchers predict for a study outcome
operational definition
a description of something in terms of the operations (actions, processes, or procedure) by which is OBSERVED
replication
repetition of an original experiment / research study - verify the result
case-study
an in-depth investigation of a single individual, family, or other entry
survery
study - group of participants - selected from a population & data abt opinions from those participants - collected, analyzed, measured
false consensus effect
tendency to overestimate how much other ppl agree w/ as
population
studies psychological consequences of population , typically in regard to high population density
random sample
a subset of individuals randomly selected by researchers to represent an entire group as a whole
naturalistic observation
a qualitive research method where you record the behaviors of your research subjects in real world settings
correlation studies
type of research design that looks at the relationships between 2/+ variables
scatterplots
shows the relationship between 2 quantative variables measured for the same individuals
correlation coefficient
indicates a measure of the direction & strength of a relationship between 2 variables
illusory correlation
when the observer ‘sees’ a relationship that “wasn’t there” in the information presented
regression > the mean
thendancy for extreme or unusal scores or events to regress towards the mean
experiment
an investigation in which a hypothesis is scientifically tested
double-blind procedure
one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular experiment
placebo effect
when a person’s physical / mental health appears to improve after taking a placebo / “dummy treatment”
experimental condition
the group of participants who are exposed to the independent variable
control condition
people assigned to the control group serve as the basis of comparison for the people in the experimental condition
random assignment
a way of placing participants from you sample into different treatment groups using randomization
independent variable
the characteristic of an experiment that is manipulated or changed by researchers, not by other variables in the experiment
dependent variable
the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation
confounding variables
those that affect other variables in a way that produces spurious / distorted associations between 2 variables
general sectional research
have identified mental abilities that do and don’t change as people age
longitudinal sectional research
restudying same abilities overtime
cross sectional research
comparing people of different age
measures of central tendency
neatly summarizes data ; central / typical value for a probability distribution
measures of variation
how similar / diverse scores are
standard deviation
the standard for measuring how much score deviate from one another
statistical significance
a statistical significance of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
confounding variables
a type of extraneous variable that are related to a study’s independent and dependent variables
descriptive statistics
used to measure and describe characteristics of the group under study
inferential statistics
numerical data that allow one to generalize - infer from sample data that probability of smth being true of a population
Note
Flashcard