quizlet.com/874902021/module-1-nutrition-reading-assignment-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=d5955fd9-732f-4984-bfac-54409cea73d0

The best way to get a good amount of phytochemicals is to consume plenty of _________ foods. a.

Brightly colored

b.

Organic

c.

High protein

d.

Genetically modified

Correct answer: .

Brightly colored

Phytochemicals are found in which types of foods? a.

Animal products

b.

Processed foods

c.

Plant-based

d.

Dairy products

Correct answer: Plane based

A nutrient needed in large quantities by the body is called a(n): Macronutrient

b.

Micronutrient

c.

Phytochemical

d.

Enzyme

Correct Answer: Macronutrient

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

a.

Protein

b.

Carbohydrate

c.

Fat

d.

Vitamins

Vitamins

Which of the following is one of the six classes of nutrients?

a.

Cholesterol

b.

Water

c.

Phytochemicals

d.

Sodium

Water

Which of the following is an energy-yielding nutrient?

a.

Vitamin C

b.

Sugar

c.

Iron

d.

Salt

Sugar

An individual who uses a warm glass of milk each night to help him sleep makes this choice based on:

a.

body image

b.

convenience

c.

emotional comfort

d.

positive association

emotional comfort

Why is scientific methodology important to nutrition recommendations?

a.

It guarantees that a control group and placebo are used.

b.

It allows studies to be replicated in order to provide accurate results.

c.

It guarantees all results are 100% true.

d.

It allows nutritionists to confirm causation of patient's personal stories.

It allows studies to be replicated in order to provide accurate results.

Government organizations are supposed to base their nutrition recommendations on:

a.

What their expert employees think

b.

Evidence based research

c.

What highly respected nutrition bloggers post

d.

Corporate influence

Evidence based research

Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?

a.

Make a prediction

b.

Figure out who is going to do the study.

c.

Ask a scientific question

d.

Make an observation

Make an observation

What is a hypothesis?

a.

A failed prediction.

b.

A conclusion after doing a scientific study.

c.

An outcome you expect to see when doing a scientific study.

d.

A potential answer to a question, which can be tested.

An outcome you expect to see when doing a scientific study.

How does the Government use research to promote health among Americans?

Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA), Nutrition Facts on labels, Personal nutrition blogs, Grocery store tours, Dietary Reference Intakes(DRI), Food pyramid, Restaurant calories labels, Adequate Intakes (AI)

Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA), Dietary Reference Intakes(DRI), Nutrition Facts on food labels, Adequate Intakes(AI), Food pyramid.

What type of research is used to create federal guidelines?

a.

Randomized Controlled Trials

b.

Meta analysis of all types of studies

c.

Epidemiological

d.

Intervention trials

Meta analysis of all types of studies

A researcher studies the effects of calcium supplements on weight loss where a control group receives a placebo and the test group receives calcium supplements in a double-blind study. What type of study is this?

a.

Meta-Analysis

b.

Epidemiological

c.

Experimental Model

d.

Randomized Control Trial

d.

Randomized Control Trial

Mushrooms contain numerous bioactive compounds that may be associated with reduced anxiety including vitamin B12. We hypothesized that mushroom consumption is associated with a lower risk of depression in American adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016 was used....Compared with the lowest mushroom intake, participants with the middle mushroom intake had lower odds of depression while those with the highest intake did not differ. Mushroom consumers had a lower odd of depression. However, we did not observe a dose-response relationship.

Identify the type of research employed by these researchers.

Randomized Control Trial

Epidemiological study

Meta Analysis

Experimental study

Epidemiological study

Mushrooms contain numerous bioactive compounds that may be associated with reduced anxiety including vitamin B12. We hypothesized that mushroom consumption is associated with a lower risk of depression in American adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016 was used....Compared with the lowest mushroom intake, participants with the middle mushroom intake had lower odds of depression while those with the highest intake did not differ. Mushroom consumers had a lower odd of depression. However, we did not observe a dose-response relationship. What can be said about the results of this study?

There is no observable effect between mushrooms and depression.

Adults who do not consume mushrooms will be depressed.

When consumed in moderate intake, mushrooms cause a decrease in depression.

There is a relationship between moderate consumption of mushroom intake and lower odds of depression.

There is a relationship between moderate consumption of mushroom intake and lower odds of depression.

Mushrooms contain numerous bioactive compounds that may be associated with reduced anxiety including vitamin B12.....Compared with the lowest mushroom intake, participants with the middle mushroom intake had lower odds of depression while those with the highest intake did not differ. Mushroom consumers had a lower odd of depression. However, we did not observe a dose-response relationship.What is a limitation of this study?

The sample size was too small.

It does not consider the type of mushroom consumed, and mushrooms have varying levels and types of nutrients.

The average age of participants is too old and would not represent the average age of adults in the United States.

The questionnaire measuring depression is not a valid survey.

It does not consider the type of mushroom consumed, and mushrooms have varying levels and types of nutrients.

Mushrooms contain numerous bioactive compounds that may be associated with reduced anxiety including vitamin B12.....Compared with the lowest mushroom intake, participants with the middle mushroom intake had lower odds of depression while those with the highest intake did not differ. Mushroom consumers had a lower odd of depression. However, we did not observe a dose-response relationship. What is another possible reason that could explain why the group with the highest intake of mushrooms did not have lower incidence of depression?

The group with the highest mushroom intake consumed a type of mushroom that is low in vitamin B12.

The group with the highest mushroom intake were too young to be depressed.

Some of the participants were born in other countries before moving to the United States.

The group with the highest mushroom intake had mushroom allergies.

a.The group with the highest mushroom intake consumed a type of mushroom that is low in vitamin B12.

In a medical-based scientific study, a control group is/are:

a.

Those that receive the treatment

b.

The general population in which the experiment is trying to emulate

c.

The professionals that conduct the experiment

d.

Those that receive a placebo or no treatment

Those that receive a placebo or no treatment

Which of the following usually indicates that a new nutrition study contains valid research?

a.

It is published in a popular national magazine

b.

It has been peer reviewed

c.

Dr. Oz talks about it on his show

d.

The information has been endorsed by celebrities and athletes

b.It has been peer reviewed

Which of the following is a likely indicator that the nutrition information you are reading about is credible?

a.

The recommendations are based on a new study

b.

The article tells you about the bad foods you should avoid

c.

The article cites testimonials from highly respected celebrities

d.

The article avoids making specific recommendations until more research is done on the topic

The article avoids making specific recommendations until more research is done on the topic

Which of the following has a significant impact on nutrition literacy?

a.

Age

b.

Gender

c.

Political party

d.

Sexual orientation

Age

Which of the following is a likely indicator that you might be reading junk science?

a.

It says more research is needed before a conclusion can be made

b.

It classifies foods as good or bad

c.

It mentions professionals' opinions when discussing results

d.

The conclusions from the study seem to be very complex

It classifies foods as good or bad

When seeking nutrition information, more people tend to value:

a.

Evidence-based information

b.

Highly educated nutrition experts

c.

Government websites

d.

Personal experiences of others

Personal experiences of others

Which website is likely to contain INACCURATE or biased nutrition information?

a.

www.harvard.edu

b.

www.loseweightnow.com

c.

www.americanheartassociation.org

d.

www.fda.gov

www.loseweightnow.com

Which of the following are required to become a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN)? Select all that apply.

[mark all correct answers]

a.

Online certification course

b.

2 year associate degree (AA or AS)

c.

1200 hours of supervised practice

d.

Passing a national registration exam

e.

Completion of a holistic nutrition and wellness program online

f.

Bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree in dietetics/nutrition

g.

500 hours of nutrition training by a physician

1200 hours of supervised practice

Passing a national registration exam

Bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree in dietetics/nutrition

Which of the following persons is guaranteed to have formal education in nutrition and is therefore a reliable nutrition expert?

a.

Nutritionist

b.

Chiropractor

c.

Cardiologist

d.

Registered Dietitian

Registered Dietitian

When evaluating nutrition groups for reliability, you should be suspicious if:

a.

They have an advisory board

b.

They attempt to sell products

c.

They promote evidence-based information

d.

They are sponsored by the government

They attempt to sell products

Which of the following reflects the minimum amount of a nutrient considered sufficient to prevent a deficiency?

a.

RDA

b.

AI

c.

UL

d.

EAR

RDA

Which of the following dietary reference intake categories would apply when discussing the issue of megavitamin supplements with an individual?

a.

EAR

b.

UL

c.

RDA

d.

AI

UL

A large salad with 4 cups of lettuce counts as _______ from the vegetable group.

a.

one serving

b.

two servings

c.

four servings

d.

eight servings

two servings

A lunch that consists of brown rice and beans with corn on the cob, butter, and fresh fruit bowl is missing which food group?

a.

Fruit

b.

Dairy

c.

Protein

d.

Vegetable

Dairy

One cup of oatmeal counts as ______ on the Food Pyramid.

a.

8 servings

b.

1 servings

c.

2 servings

d.

4 servings

2 servings

Which of the following is a macronutrient?

a.

Iron

b.

Protein

c.

Calcium

d.

Folate

Protein

An essential nutrient is:

a.

A nutrient that is important.

b.

A nutrient that cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body.

c.

A nutrient that is difficult to receive in the diet in adequate quantities.

d.

A nutrient the body can make.

A nutrient that cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body.

Which food group is considered the most nutrient-dense?

a.

Protein

b.

Carbohydrates

c.

Fruits

d.

Vegetables

Vegetables

Which of the following is the most "energy dense"?

a.

Strawberries

b.

Diet cola

c.

Cookies

d.

Cucumbers

Cookies

Which of the following is the most "nutrient-dense"?

a.

Chocolate cake

b.

Steak

c.

Pizza

d.

Broccoli

Broccoli

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

a.

Potassium

b.

Protein

c.

Carbohydrate

d.

Fat

Potassium

Kathy's dietitian has placed her on a 1,200 kcalorie weight loss diet. She was told that no more than 30% of her kcalories should come from fat. Kathy wants to know how many grams of fat she is allowed to consume so she can read her nutrition labels more easily. Calculate the maximum grams of fat Kathy is allowed to consume.

a.

20 grams

b.

40 grams

c.

120 grams

d.

360 grams

40 grams

1200 x .0.30 (30%) = 360 kcals

Now we convert to grams (fat = 9 kcals/gram)

360 / 9 kcals = 40 grams

Bob consumed 2,100 calories and 140 grams of protein. Is his protein intake within the normal AMDR?

a.

Yes

b.

No

yes. irst, we convert the grams of protein into calories. Protein = 4 kcals/g

140 grams x 4 = 564

Now, compare this to the total calories to determine the percent.

560 / 2100 = .26667 (Rounds to 27%)

The recommended amount from protein (AMDR) is 10-35%. Yes it is in range.

What is the minimum amount of daily carbohydrate a person should have if consuming 1,500 calories per day, to stay within the AMDR?

a.

130 grams

b.

169 grams

c.

72 grams

d.

38 grams

169 grams

The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of calories. The minimum would be 45% of calories.

1500 x 0.45 (45%) = 675 kcals

Now we convert this into grams (carbs = 4 kcals/g)

675 / 4 = 168.75 (rounds up to 169 grams)

To keep saturated fat less than 10% of calories, a person consuming 2,000 calories per day should not exceed a daily intake of:

a.

10 grams

b.

22 grams

c.

30 grams

d.

45 grams

22 grams

2000 kcals x 0.10 (10%) = 200

Now we have to convert it into grams. Fat = 9 kcals per gram

200 / 9 = 22.2 grams (rounded to nearest whole is 22 grams)

What is the maximum amount of fat that Karen should consume if on an 1,800 calorie diet?

a.

25 grams

b.

50 grams

c.

70 grams

d.

85 grams

70 grams

The recommended intake of fat (AMDR) is 20-35% of calories.

The maximum would be 35% of calories.

1800 kcals x 0.35 (35%) = 630 kcals

Now we convert this into grams. Fat = 9 kcals per gram

630 / 9 = 70 grams

A diet that contains 1765 calories and 47% of calories from carbohydrate contains how many grams of carbohydrate?

a.

207 grams

b.

160 grams

c.

247 grams

d.

138 grams

207 grams

1765 X 0.47 (47%) = 829.55

Now we convert this to grams. Carbohydrate = 4 kcals per gram

829.55 / 4 = 207.4

A food contains 25 grams carbohydrate, 5 grams fat, and 10 grams protein. How many kcalories are in this food?

185 kcals

Carbohydrates = 25 grams x 4 kcals/gram = 100 kcals

Fat = 5 grams x 9 kcals/gram = 45 kcals

Protein 10 grams x 4 kcals/gram = 40 kcals

100+ 45 + 40 = 185 kcals

Not all nutrients are required on a food label. Choose (click) the card for the nutrients that are both REQUIRED on the nutrition facts label and that Americans need MORE of.

Iron, Calcium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Fiber, Potassium, Omega-3,Folate

Iron, Calcium, Vitamin D, Fiber, Potassium

Of the nutrients that are REQUIRED on the food label, which ones do we need to consume LESS of? Click the card for each nutrient that is both required on the label and should be consumed in lower amounts.

Saturated Fat, Protien, Added Sugars, Sodium, Cholesterol, Total Carbohydrates

Saturated Fat

Trans Fat

Cholesterol

Sodium

Added Sugars

What are the key nutrients of concern that American are not getting in their diets?

a.

Sodium, fiber, iron, and vitamin A

b.

potassium, fiber, calcium and vitamin D

c.

iron, calcium, sodium and vitamin C

d.

zinc, iron, vitamin A, and calcium

b.

potassium, fiber, calcium and vitamin D

What has changed about the serving sizes on the new food labels?

a.

the serving size reflects what the recommended amount based on federal guidelines

b.

the serving size reflects what a person typically consume at one time

c.

the serving size reflects the amount of calories a person should consume

d.

the serving size reflects higher amounts of the nutrients of concern

b.

the serving size reflects what a person typically consume at one time

Which nutrient claim describes a food that contains 25% DV for potassium?

a.

One serving of the food is high in potassium.

b.

One serving of the food is a good source of potassium.

c.

The entire container must be consumed to obtain enough potassium.

d.

This food can help prevent high blood pressure.

One serving of the food is high in potassium.

What is the first thing you should look at on the label if you are trying to lose weight?

a.

Calories

b.

Fat

c.

Carbohydrates

d.

Serving size

Serving size

Percent daily values (%DV) on the Nutrition Facts labels are based on a diet that contains:

a.

2,000 calories

b.

1,800 calories

c.

1,500 calories

d.

1,000 calories

2,000 calories

Which of the following is an example of a health claim on a food label?

a.

"Adequate calcium and vitamin D intakes throughout life can reduce risk of osteoporosis"

b.

"Made with all natural ingredients"

c.

"Certified Organic"

d.

"Fiber helps with bowel regularity"

Adequate calcium and vitamin D intakes throughout life can reduce risk of osteoporosis"

Which of the following is an example of a structure/function claim on a food label?

a.

"Eating this product daily can prevent death"

b.

"Calcium builds strong bones"

c.

"High in fiber"

d.

"Low in fat"

Calcium builds strong bones"

A food that is labeled as being "fat free" is best described as containing:

a.

less than 1 gram of fat per serving

b.

3 grams or less fat per serving

c.

less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving

d.

less than 5 grams of fat per serving

c.

less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving