human reproduction

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83 Terms

1

testicular lobule in each testis

250

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2

testicular lobule in both testes

500

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3

each lobule contains how many seminiferous tubule

1-3

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4

each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells

male germ cells and interstitial cells

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5

____ cell undergoes meiotic division to form sperm cell

male germ cell

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6

male germ cell aka

spermatogonia

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7

interstitial cells aka

leydig cells

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8

which cells synthesis androgen

leydig cells

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9

the seminiferous tubule of testes open into

rete testis

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10

the vasa efferentia leaves testis and open into____

epididymis

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11

the vasa efferentia open in epididymis located along the ____ of each testes

posterior surface

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12

_______duct loops over the urinary bladder

vas deferens

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13

the urethra originates from urinary bladder and extends through the penis to its external opening called

urethral meatus

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14

pathway of sperm

seminiferous tubule → rete testis → vasa efferentia → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra

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15

the enlarged end of penis called the____ is covered by a loose fold of skin called

glans penis

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16

seminal plasma which is rich in

fructose, calcium, certain enzyme

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17

the secretion of which gland helps in lubrication pf the penis

bulbourethral glands

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18

The female reproductive structure along with ____ is integrated structurally to support process of ovulation, fertilisation,pregnancy and birth

mammary gland

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19

length of testes

4 to 5 cm

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20

width of testes

2 to 3 cm

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21

size of ovaries

2 to 4 cm

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22

ovary is connected to pelvic wall by the help

ligament

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23

ovary is covered by ____ layer of epithelium which encloses the ovarian stroma

thin

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24

ovarian stroma is divided into

cortex and medulla

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25

size of fallopian tube

10 to 12 cm

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26

funnel shaped structure near ovary

infundibulum

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27

external thin layer of uterus

perimetrium

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28

middle thick layer

myometrium

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29

middle layer consists of

smooth muscles

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30

inner layer of uterus

endometrium

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31

which layer of uterus is glandular in nature

endometrium

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32

which nature of uterus induces strong contraction during child birth

myometrium

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33

fleshy fold which extends down from mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening

labia majora

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34

the glandular tissue in each breast is divided into ____ mammary lobes

15 to 20

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35

which cell secretes milk

alveolar cells

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36

the mammary tubule of each lobe joins to form

mammary duct

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37

the spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by the process called

spermiogenesis

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38

the release of sperms from seminiferous tubule by the process of

spermiation

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39

seminal plasma + ____ = semen

sperms

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40

the function of male sex accessory duct and glands are maintained by

androgens

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41

primary oocytes get surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells called

primary follicle

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42

the primary follicles when surrounded by _____ cells and ____ layer becomes secondary follicles

granulosa cells and theca

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43

the secondary follicles transform into tertiary follicle which is characterized by fluid filled cavity called

antrum

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44

the tertiary follicle has theca layer divided into

theca interna and theca externa

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45

initially the tertiary follicle contains within it

primary oocyte

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46

after the 1st meiotic division, it produces

secondary oocyte and 1st polar body

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47

the secondary oocyte forms a new membrane called

zona pellucida

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48

the menstrual flow results due to breakdown of _____ uterus

endometrial lining

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49

the changes in uterus and ovary are influenced by changes in the level of _____ and ______ hormones

pituitary and ovarian hormone

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50

the corpus luteum secretes large amount of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of

endometrium

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51

the ovum and sperm fuse at which point in fallopian tube

ampulla

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52

when sperm comes in contact with _____ that induces changes in membrane that blocks other sperm from entering

zona pellucida

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53

the secretion of __ help sperm to enter into the cytoplasm of the ovum through zona pellucida

acrosome

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54

what causes the 2nd meiotic division

sperm entering the cytoplasm of ovum

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55

which layer is present in both oocyte and zygote

zona pellucida

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56

the mitotic division of zygote starts when the zygote is at _____ in fallopian tube

isthmus

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57

the mitotic division that starts when zygote moves towards uterus is called

cleavage

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58

the zygotic mitosis forms 2,4,8,16 daughter cells called

blastomeres

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59

the embryo with 8 to 16 cells is called

morula

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60

morula continues to divide and transform into

blastocysts

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61

the blastomere in the _____ are arranged in inner and outer layers

blastocysts

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62

the blastocysts become embedded in the endometrium of the uterus and this is called

implantation

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63

____ gets attached to the endometrium and the inner cells mass differentiated as the embryo

trophoblast

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64

after implantation finger like projections appear on the trophoblast called ____

chorionic villi

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65

components which form the structural and functional unit between developing embryo and maternal body called placenta

chorionic villi and uterine tissue

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66

hormones produced by placenta

human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progestogens

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67

relaxin was secreted by

ovary

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68

hormone which is only secreted during pregnancy

human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, relaxin

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69

hormones which increase during pregnancy

estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine

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70

outer layer of embryo

ectoderm

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71

inner layer of embryo

endoderm

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72

middle layer of embryo

mesoderm

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73

the last embryo layer to form

mesoderm

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74

inner cell mass contains certain cells called ____ which have potency to give rise to all tissue and organs

stem cells

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75

one month of pregnancy forms

heart of the embryo

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76

end of second month of pregnancy forms

limbs and digits

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77

end of 12 weeks or 1st trimesters or third month of pregnancy forms

major organ system, limbs, external genital

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78

during the fifth month of pregnancy

movement of fetus, appearance of hair on head

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79

end of 24 weeks or 2nd trimester or 6 months of pregnancy

body is covered with fine hairs, eye lids separate, eyelashes

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80

parturition is induced by a complex ______

neuroendocrine mechanism

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81

signal of parturition originates from

fully developed fetus and placenta

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82

the milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called

colostrum

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83

the mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation during pregnancy and starts producing milk towards the end of pregnancy by process called

lactation

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