Developmental Psych- Lally & Valentine-French, Exam 3 Final

Q: What are Baltes' main principles of lifespan development?

A: Lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plasticity.

Q: What is the nature vs. nurture debate?

A: Whether development is shaped more by genetics (nature) or environment (nurture).

Q: What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?

A: Continuous = gradual changes; Discontinuous = distinct stages.

Q: What does universality vs. cultural specificity mean in development?

A: Universality = same across cultures; Cultural specificity = varies by culture.

Q: What is the biopsychosocial approach?

A: Development is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Q: What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

A: Independent = manipulated; Dependent = measured outcome.

Q: What are the main research methods in developmental psychology?

A: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, sequential; descriptive vs. experimental.

Q: What does the information processing theory focus on? .

A: Memory, processing speed, attention, executive functioning, metacognition, and age-related changes

Q: Why is the Seattle Longitudinal Study important?

A: It showed cognition in midlife is stable and revealed cohort effects.

Q: What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

A: Crystallized = accumulated knowledge; Fluid = problem-solving ability.

Q: What is primary vs. secondary aging?

A: Primary = inevitable biological aging; Secondary = lifestyle-related aging.

Q: What are common sensory changes in middle and late adulthood?

A: Presbyopia (vision), presbycusis (hearing), and other declines.

Q: What changes occur in menopause and male midlife sexuality?

A: Biological changes in reproductive systems and sexual functioning.

Q: What are the major personality perspectives in adulthood?

A: Normative-stage, timing-of-event, trait, typological models; stability vs. change.

Q: What are Erikson's stages relevant to adulthood?

A: Intimacy vs. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Ego Integrity vs. Despair.

Q: What is a midlife crisis, and how common is it?

A: A period of questioning in midlife; only a minority experience it.

Q: What is the paradox of well-being in old age?

A: Older adults often report higher well-being despite losses.

Q: What are the theories of social aging?

A: Socioemotional selectivity, social convoy, disengagement, continuity, activity theories.

Q: What is successful aging?

A: Book vs. class definition; selective optimization with compensation model.

Q: What are programmed theories of aging?

A: Genetically programmed senescence, Hayflick limit/telomeres, hormonal stress, immunological theory.

Q: What are variable rate theories of aging?

A: Wear and tear, free radical, rate of living, autoimmune, DNA damage, cross-linking, evolutionary theory.

Q: What are cognitive aging theories?

A: Processing speed, inhibition, "use it or lose it."

Q: What is Alzheimer's disease?

A: A progressive disorder with pathology, symptoms, and limited treatments.

Q: What are the definitions of death?

A: Legal, clinical, brain, social.

Q: What is Kubler-Ross' theory of dying/grief?

A: Five stages (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance) and criticisms.

Q: What is the dual process model of grief?

A: Alternating between loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping.

Q: What are Worden's mourning tasks?

A: Accept loss, process pain, adjust to world without deceased, find enduring connection.

Q: What is the hospice philosophy?

A: Focus on comfort, dignity, and quality of life.

Q: What are Baltes' main principles of lifespan development?

A: Lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plasticity.

Q: What is the nature vs. nurture debate?

A: Whether development is shaped more by genetics (nature) or environment (nurture).

Q: What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?

A: Continuous = gradual changes; Discontinuous = distinct stages.

Q: What does universality vs. cultural specificity mean in development?

A: Universality = same across cultures; Cultural specificity = varies by culture.

Q: What is the biopsychosocial approach?

A: Development is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Q: What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

A: Independent = manipulated; Dependent = measured outcome.

Q: What are the main research methods in developmental psychology?

A: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, sequential; descriptive vs. experimental.

Q: What does the information processing theory focus on?

A: Memory, processing speed, attention, executive functioning, metacognition, and age-related changes.

Q: Why is the Seattle Longitudinal Study important?

A: It showed cognition in midlife is stable and revealed cohort effects.

Q: What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

A: Crystallized = accumulated knowledge; Fluid = problem-solving ability.

Q: What is primary vs. secondary aging?

A: Primary = inevitable biological aging; Secondary = lifestyle-related aging.

Q: What are common sensory changes in middle and late adulthood?

A: Presbyopia (vision), presbycusis (hearing), and other declines.

Q: What changes occur in menopause and male midlife sexuality?

A: Biological changes in reproductive systems and sexual functioning.

Q: What are the major personality perspectives in adulthood?

A: Normative-stage, timing-of-event, trait, typological models; stability vs. change.

Q: What are Erikson's stages relevant to adulthood?

A: Intimacy vs. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Ego Integrity vs. Despair.

Q: What is a midlife crisis, and how common is it?

A: A period of questioning in midlife; only a minority experience it.

Q: What is the paradox of well-being in old age?

A: Older adults often report higher well-being despite losses.

Q: What are the theories of social aging?

A: Socioemotional selectivity, social convoy, disengagement, continuity, activity theories.

Q: What is successful aging?

A: Book vs. class definition; selective optimization with compensation model.

Q: What are programmed theories of aging?

A: Genetically programmed senescence, Hayflick limit/telomeres, hormonal stress, immunological theory.

Q: What are variable rate theories of aging?

A: Wear and tear, free radical, rate of living, autoimmune, DNA damage, cross-linking, evolutionary theory.

Q: What are cognitive aging theories?

A: Processing speed, inhibition, "use it or lose it."

Q: What is Alzheimer's disease? A:

A progressive disorder with pathology, symptoms, and limited treatments.

Q: What are the definitions of death?

A: Legal, clinical, brain, social.

Q: What is Kubler-Ross' theory of dying/grief?

A: Five stages (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance) and criticisms.

Q: What is the dual process model of grief?

A: Alternating between loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping.

Q: What are Worden's mourning tasks?

A: Accept loss, process pain, adjust to world without deceased, find enduring connection.

Q: What is the hospice philosophy?

A: Focus on comfort, dignity, and quality of life.