Early Republic Quizlet Set

Early Republic Period (1787-1815)

Start- 1789- Beginning of Washington’s first term as president End- 1815- End of War of 1812 Def- The constitution put into practice by the first 4 presidents and the first several Congresses. Dates- 1793- Development of the Cotton Gin; 1803- Louisiana Purchase

Limited Government

A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution.

Enumerated Powers

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution. Also called "Delegated" or "Federal"

Implied Powers/ Elastic Clause

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution but reasonably connected to the need to carry out the powers that are listed

Reserved Powers

Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people

Economics

the study of how society manages its scarce resources to satisfy its needs and unlimited wants

Tariff

A tax on imported goods

Foreign policy

A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations

Domestic policy

Plans for dealing with national problems, generally around improving the economy, transportation, etc.

Precedent

an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action. Court decisions that inform how later decisions would be made.

Cabinet

A group of advisers to the president. Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense (War), etc.

Political Party

A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy

2 Party System

the division of voter loyalies between two major political parties, resulting in the near exclusion of minor parties from seriously competing for a share of political power

Bureaucracy

A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials. Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration, etc.

Liberal

open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.

Conservative

holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics, the economy, or culture (like religion)

Peaceful Transfer of Power

The messy election of 1800 represented a critical achievement under the constitution in that it allowed for a ________________ between opposing parties, an essential aspect of any democracy.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality/ country.

Federalists

The Conservative political party during the 1790s and early 1800s. Supported development of manufacturing and urban trade centers, the expansion of government to support economic activity, and closer trade ties to Britain (a center of manufacturing).

Democratic Republicans

An early political party headed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison; originally stood for less centralized government, broader state powers, and agrarianism as a means to both improve lives for white families AND maintain free institutions of government.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Series of four laws enacted in 1798 by Federalists to reduce the political power of recent immigrants and the Democratic-Republican Party they tended to support.

Nullification

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional. NOT an actual power states have, but one they attempted to assert.

Agrarianism

the philosophy that agriculture and land ownership are the backbone of a growing economy and the basis for positive participation in a republican government.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England, who was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

Francis Scott Key

wrote the Star Spangled Banner

Star Spangled Banner

national anthem written by Francis Scott Key during the war of 1812

Battle of Fort McHenry

British shelling of Baltimore harbor unsuccessful, inspires national anthem

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)

John Adams

America's first Vice-President and second President. Supporter of Federalist policies, though he did not get along well with Alexander Hamilton

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence; 3rd President of the US; With James Madison, the leader of the Democratic-Republican Party

James Madison

4th President of the US, President during War of 1812, With Jefferson, Leader of the Democratic Republican Party (Though he was a Federalist during the Ratification Debate)

John Marshall

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review and assert the authority of the federal government over the states in certain areas.

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813), allied with the British during the War of 1812

Marbury v Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

National bank

Contentious issue in Congress. Power to create it not explicit in the Constitution, but reasonably connected to powers of borrowing money, coining money, regulating trade, etc. (Implied Power)