Introduction to Management Information Systems - Lecture 3

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Management Information Systems, SDLC phases, organizational change types, and process management methodologies from Lecture 3.

Systems development

The process of creating or modifying information systems to meet business needs, typically including planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance.

Organizational change

Alterations in structure, culture, processes, or strategies within an organization triggered by factors such as new information systems.

Incremental change

Small improvements made to an organization's existing structure or processes.

Transformational change

Major shifts in an organization's operations or strategy.

Automation

A type of organizational change that replaces manual processes with technology, resulting in minimal organizational disruption.

Rationalization of Procedures

The streamlining of standard operating procedures to improve workflow efficiency.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

The radical redesign of business processes, characterized by high impact and high risk.

Paradigm Shift

A fundamental change in the business model, such as transitioning to e-commerce.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A structured framework and architectural blueprint used to guide the creation, deployment, and maintenance of information systems from concept to retirement.

System Analysis

An in-depth study of the existing system to determine requirements for the new system from the user's perspective.

Economic feasibility

An evaluation conducted during system design to determine if the benefits of the system justify its costs.

Technical feasibility

An evaluation to determine if reliable technology and training are available to support a new system.

Operational feasibility

An evaluation to determine if managers and users will support the implementation of the new system.

Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools

Software-based products, such as diagramming tools and data repositories, designed to help automate the production of information systems.

Build vs. Buy

The decision process of determining whether to develop a new program in-house or purchase it from an outside company.

Module (unit) test

A testing phase where each individual part of the system is tested separately.

Integration testing

Also known as End to End Testing, this phase tests the system as a single integrated unit.

Direct approach

A conversion method, also called plunge or crash, where the entire new system completely replaces the old system in one step.

Parallel approach

A conversion method where both the old and new systems are operated side by side until the new system proves itself.

Pilot approach

A conversion method where a new system is launched for only one group within the business before being implemented company-wide.

Phased approach

An incremental conversion method where individual parts of the new system are gradually introduced over time.

Corrective maintenance

The type of system maintenance involving physical repair or the correction of new bugs found in the software.

Adaptive maintenance

System adjustments made to accommodate environmental changes or the changing needs of users.

Perfective maintenance

Changes made to the system to incorporate better techniques as they become available.

Systems audit

An evaluation method where the system's performance is compared against its original specifications.

Waterfall approach

A traditional systems lifecycle approach where tasks in one stage must be finished before the next stage begins.

Agile methodology

A development approach focusing on flexibility, collaboration, and continuous improvement by delivering work in short cycles.

Iteration (Sprint)

A short time period, usually $"1-4"$ weeks, during which Agile teams complete specific tasks including planning, development, and review.

Prototyping

Building an experimental, working but preliminary version of an information system rapidly and inexpensively for user evaluation.

End-user development

A method using fourth-generation languages that allows end-users to develop systems with minimal help from technical specialists.

Request for Proposal (RFP)

A detailed list of questions submitted to packaged-software vendors used to evaluate alternative software packages.

Offshore outsourcing

A type of outsourcing driven by cost-savings where software development or services are contracted to vendors in other countries.

Business Process Management (BPM)

A disciplined approach to identifying, designing, executing, monitoring, and optimizing business processes to achieve strategic goals.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively an individual or organization is achieving a specific objective.

KPI dashboard

A visual tool, often using charts and graphs, that displays key performance indicators in an organized format to track progress.