JMU HTH 100 Test 1

wellness

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of the dimensions of health

health

The dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to achieve one's potential in the physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual, occupational , financial and environmental dimensions

physical health

body size and functioning

social health

interpersonal network and successful interaction with others

intellectual health

ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions

emotional health

ability to express emotions and maintain a level of self-confidence

environmental health

appreciation of one's external environment

spiritual health

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

occupational health

level of fulfillment gained through work

financial health

having a healthy relationship with money

incidence

new cases in a year in a population

prevalence

exisiting cases per year in a population

epidemic

unusual high number of new cases in a year in a population

endemic

present at expected prevalence rates

pandemic

global epidemic

quality of life indicators

income level, housing situation, crime rates, marriages, divorce, abuse, pollution, unhealthy days, limitation of activity

79 years

average total life expectancy in US?

66.9 years

average healthy life in US?

11.8 years

average impaired life in US?

heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease

what are the three leading causes of death OVERALL?

unintentional injury, suicide, homicide

what are the three leading causes of death for ages 15-24?

determinants of health

biology, behavior, social environment, physical environment, policies and interventions, access to quality health care

biology

individual's genetics, ethnicity, ages, gender, drugs, illness, and injury

behaviors

individual's responses to internal and external conditions

social environment

culture/family, social support, education, income/social status

physical environment

built environment, geographic location, climate change, food safety, pollution

infectious

public health measures have helped lower ____________ conditions such as vaccines and medicines

chronic

lifestyle has increased risk for ________ conditions (diet, level of activity, obesity, tobacco, alcohol)

Healthy People 2020

provides a science based, 10 year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans (high-quality, longer lives, health equity, social and physical environments, quality of life)

health promotion

reduce negative behavior, promote/maintain positive health behaviors

risk behavior

increase susceptibility to illness/disease

health behavior

increase resiliency or increase protection

primary disease prevention

before illness, health promotion

secondary disease prevention

early detection and intervention

tertiary disease prevention

treatment and rehabilitation

transtheoretical model

Does everyone have the same interest level in changing behavior? No, strategies have to be individualistic

health belief model

perceptions of the individual (perceived threat v. perceived cost) cues to action, modifying variables

social cognitive model

behavior, social environment, and inner cognition are connected

stages of change model

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination

objective setting and shaping, visualization, modeling, countering/substitution

strategies to assist with change

SMART goals

daily or weekly progress toward sub-goals model

environment modification

setting controls in the environment to assist you

positive reinforcement

rewards

changing self-talk

thought stopping and self-instruction using rational positive statements

journaling

record your progress, note what works

social support

tell important others of your plans and ask for support

family, support system, community, self-efficacy, learned helplessness, learned optimism, personality, life span and maturity

factors that influence psychological health

defense mechanisms

projection, regression, repression, denial, displacement, rationalization

mental illness

disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors, ****1 in 5 adults in US have mental disorders

1 in 25

who many people have a serious mental illness

treatment for disorders

talk therapy, drug therapy, prolonged depression --> ECT

major depression

sadness and despair, loss of motivation, difficulty concentrating, withdrawal

bipolar disorder

alternating media (euphoric feelings, high energy and depression)

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

type of depression that occurs in winter months when there is less sunlight

generalized anxiety disorder

severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life

panic disorders

occurrence of panic attacks, a form of acute anxiety that brings on intense physical reaction

phobic disorders

persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation

schizophrenia

irrational behavior, hallucinations, alterations of the senses, altered sense of self

paranoid personality disorder

involves pervasive, unfounded suspicion and mistrust of people

narcissistic personality disorder

exaggerated sense of self-importance and a tendency to be absorbed with self rather than others

antisocial personality disorders

displays a long term pattern of manipulation and taking advantage of others

borderline personality disorder

characterized by impulsiveness and risky behaviors such as gambling sprees, unsafe sex, use of illicit drugs, and other reckless acts, such as daredevil driving

stress

physiological response to perceived threats or demands

influences to response to stress

characteristics of stressor, biological factors, past experiences, perceptions (ability to control and cope)

Type C

deny feelings, stoic, less assertive, conforming

Type D

excessive negative worry, irritability, gloom

toxic core

angry, hostile, bitter, cynical

hardy

commitment, challenge, control

learn to prevent stress, find a balance, make adjustments

what are the goals of stress management

8 hours

how many hours do adults need to function

65%

________ of Americans get inadequate sleep

signs of sleep deprivation

needing an alarm clock to wake up, falling asleep within 5 minutes, napping easily

12%

only around ______ of students report getting enough sleep

60%

over _____ of students report sleepiness during the day 3-6 days/wk

legal intoxication

one night of sleep deprivation is equal to _______ _________________

stages 1-4 and REM

5 stages of sleep

REM

rapid eye movement, memories and thoughts from the day are processed, dreaming occurs

insomnia

most common sleep disorder, young adults 68% report symptoms (difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, waking up too early)

apnea

obstructive, air can't move through the airway, snore loudly, snort, gasp, choking sounds

aging, overweight, pain/illness, stress, medications

contributions to sleep disoders