quiz 4 data formats

Data Formats

Specifications for converting human data (language, images, sounds) into a form computers can process and store in binary.

Metadata

Data that describes or interprets the meaning of other data.

ASCII

A 7-bit code representing 128 characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols.

Unicode

A universal coding standard supporting over a million characters across multiple languages and scripts.

Bitmap Images

Pixel-based images best for realistic photos or detailed graphics; each pixel is stored as a binary number.

Vector Graphics

Images composed of lines and shapes based on mathematical formulas, allowing easy scaling and modification.

GIF

A lossless compression format for simple animations and images with up to 256 colors.

PNG

A lossless image format that supports transparency and up to 48 bits of color per pixel.

JPEG

A lossy compression format suitable for photographs and images with millions of colors.

Video Codec

Software or hardware for compressing and decompressing video files, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and H.264.

Sampling Rate

The number of times per second sound is measured during recording, typically expressed in kilohertz.

Lossless Compression

Reduces file size without losing any data (e.g., GIF, ZIP).

Lossy Compression

Reduces file size by discarding some data, often unnoticeable to human perception (e.g., JPEG, MP3).

H.264

A video codec using both lossy and lossless compression for high compression ratios.

Boolean Data Type

Represents true or false values.

Char Data Type

Holds a single alphanumeric character.

Enumerated Data Type

A user-defined type listing all possible values (e.g., days of the week).