CNS stimulants

doxampram

most recommended CNS stimulant drug

increase tidal volume

halothane

stimulates CNS and cardiovascular systme

Nikethamide

lethal action on respiratory system

methylxanthen /xanthine derivatives

caffeine

theophylline

theobromine

caffeine

coffee, antioxidant

increased. function of. urinary and GI tract

Theophylline

tea, lipolytic action

increased function of urinary and Gi tract

aminophylline

anti asthmatic drugs

theobromine

chocolate, antioxidant

stimulates cortex of the brain

incresed motor and mental activity

experimental antagonist

4- aminopyridine

yohimbine

tolazoline

4- aminopyridine

antidote for curare drugs

yohimbine

stimulates CNS aside from adrenergic receptors

overdose to amitraz

tolazoline

anthitamine actions

stimulates CNS

inhibit sympathetic nerves

CO2

carbon dioxide

stimulates respiratory centers when given in right amount

strychnine

strychnos nux vomica

types of anesthesia according to route of administration

topical in surface

infiltration

conduction/nerve block

paravertebral

epidural

intrathecal

IV regional anesthesia

topical in surface anesthesia

applied on skin/mucous membrane

ointment or creams

infiltration

most common type

subcutaneous route that diffuse into surrounding tissues’

dentisry

conduction/nerve block

injection into local vicinity of the nerve

regional anesthesia type

paravertebral

applied to spinal nerves

emerge from the intervertebral foramina

epidural

into the epidural space of spinal cord

in between vertebra

intrathecal

in the subarachoid space/ spinal fluid

IV regional anesthesia

administration into a limb

occluded by a torniquet

usually in leg orpaw to avoid spreading into the system

used for surgeries less than 3 hours

formulation of local anesthetic

baricity

vasoconstrictor

dispersing agent

onset promoters

preservatives

baricity

local anesthesia needs to have a specific gravity

limits ascension into the subarachoid space

add glucose to make it hyperbaric

vasoconstrictor ( epinepherine)

keeps the drug injection site longer and smaller

dispersing agent ( hyaluronidase)

hyaluronidase helps the anesthetic spread into the surrounding tissue quicker

Onset promoters ( ph alkalinizer)

speed up the rate of local anesthetics

acidic- slow rate

basic/alkaline - fast rate

Preservatives

increase shelf life of anesthethic

examples of preservatives

EDTa- EthyleneDiaminetetraacetic acid

sodium metabisulphite

benzyl alcohol

methylparaben