APUSH Important Events Flashcards

Spanish Colonization Goals

God, Gold, Glory

Encomienda system

The encomienda system was a Spanish colonial labor system (c. 1503) where the Crown granted settlers the right to Indigenous labor and tribute in specific areas.

House of Burgesses (1619)

the first representative legislative assembly in the American colonies, established white supremacy

Bacon’s Rebellion

the first armed uprising in the American colonies (indentured servants vs wealthy land owners) the colonies shifted away from indentured servant labor and toward imported West African slave labor.

Mayflower Compact

was the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony, signed by 41 adult male passengers on the Mayflower to establish order and self-rule.

Stono Rebellion

the largest slave revolt in British North American history, taking place in South Carolina

Salutary neglect

the British government’s unofficial policy of loosely enforcing trade regulations (like the Navigation Acts) on the American colonies

Articles of Confederation

Weak national government; no one can get anything done bc states solely thinking abt themselves

Shays’ Rebellion

highlighted need stronger gov, gov so weak they can put down a measly rebellion

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

states v. federal rights

Whiskey Rebellion

federal authority enforced + connection to Shay’s rebellion, proof a stronger central government was successful

North and South linked economy

result of Market Revolution and factories (raw materials for machinery)

Marbury v. Madison

judicial review, It affirmed that the Supreme Court has the power to declare acts of Congress

McCulloch v. Maryland

federal supremacy, states cannot tax federal institutions

Gibbons v. Ogden

federal control of interstate commerce, established the federal government’s supreme authority to regulate interstate commerce

War of 1812

a conflict between the United States and Great Britain caused by trade restrictions, the impressment of American sailors, and British support for Native American raids

Missouri Compromise

balances slave/free states

Monroe Doctrine

limits European influence

Andrew Jackson influence

expansion of voting rights for white men

Nullification

states can reject federal laws

Whigs (Henry Clay)

Strong federal gov, American System

Temperance

(reduce alcohol)

Mexican-American War

Texas annexation, Border disputes (US wanted slavery, Mexico didn’t)

Compromise of 1850

California free state, Strong Fugitive Slave Act, Popular sovereignty

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Repeals Missouri Compromise, Leads to Bleeding Kansas

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Blacks not citizens, Congress can’t ban slavery

Abraham Lincoln elected effect

South fears loss of power → secession

Abraham Lincoln: 10% Plan

(lenient) forgiveness of the South

Freedmen’s Bureau

helped at first, but then gave up or smth

13th Amendment

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

14th Amendment

granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States,

15th Amendment

the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Horizontal integration (Rockefeller – oil) vs Vertical integration (Carnegie – steel)

horizontal was buying an entire industry, vertical was buying all materials needed to make a product (you don’t have to pay anything to anyone)

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Focus: wages + hours (“bread and butter issues”), More effective, less radical

Homestead Strike (1892)

Steel strike crushed by militia → shows government siding with business

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Legalizes “separate but equal”

Homestead Act of 1862

Land grants to settlers → promotes westward expansion

Dawes Act (1887)

Breaks up tribal lands → forced assimilation of Native Americans

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

First federal regulation of railroads

Booker T. Washington

Economic self-improvement first (emphasis on education), Accept segregation temporarily (less radical, the long game)

W. E. B. Du Bois

Immediate equality + political rights, Leads NAACP

Spanish-American War

U.S. defeats Spain → gains Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines, yellow journalism sparks outrage (USS Maine manipulation of news)

Open Door Policy & Asia

U.S. demands equal trade access in China

Boxer Rebellion

U.S. helps suppress Chinese uprising → gains influence in China

“Muckrakers”

(investigative journalists): exposed corporate abuse (ex: Upton Sinclair)

“Square Deal”

regulate corporations, protect consumers/workers

Trust-busting

uses Sherman Antitrust Act against monopolies

“Big Stick Diplomacy”

using fear to control, The idea is negotiating peacefully but also having strength in case things go wrong

Roosevelt Corollary

U.S. police power in Latin America

16th Amendment

(income tax)

17th Amendment

(direct election of senators)

Dollar Diplomacy

(economic influence abroad)

Clayton Antitrust Act

(protects unions)

18th Amendment

Prohibition (later repealed by 21st)

19th Amendment

women’s suffrage (1920)

US Entrance into WWI

Sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmermann Telegram

Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918)

Civil liberties restricted during wartime

Treaty of Versailles and Fourteen Points

League of Nations, harsh punishment on Germany, seeds of future WWII

Nativism

Nativism is the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants, including by supporting immigration-restriction measures (Sacco and Vanzetti Trial → anti-immigrant bias)

Roaring 20s Economy

booming, credit culture leads to economic uncertainty for Great Depression

FDR New Deal

2 parts, 1st New Deal was for economic relief, 2nd was reform (RELIEF, REFORM, RECOVERY)

Japanese Internment camps

civil liberties restricted during WWII

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

atomic bombing sites

Cold War

containment of communism, tensions and borderline nuclear war

Korea and Vietnam

proxy wars, neither were “won”

Truman Doctrine

U.S. supports nations resisting communism

Marshall Plan

economic aid to rebuild Europe, prevents spread of communism

NATO (1949)

U.S. + Western allies military alliance

Warsaw Pact (1955)

Soviet response alliance

Joseph McCarthy

claims communist infiltration in government

Cuban Missile Crisis

closest nuclear war moment, U.S. + USSR nuclear standoff resolved diplomatically

Brown v. Board of Education

ends school segregation

Civil Rights Act (1964)

bans discrimination

Voting Rights Act (1965)

protects Black voting rights

Nixon and the Watergate Scandal

political spying + cover-up, leads to Nixon resignation

Hippies (Woodstock, 1969)

anti-consumerism, drug + music culture

Roe v. Wade

abortion rights

U.S. response to 9/11

invasion of Afghanistan (Taliban removed), NATO support invoked