Radiation physics Ch. 2

Define matter

anything occupy space and has mass

Define energy

results when matter is altered

Define atom

Fundamental unit of matter

The identity of atom is determined by composition of its

nucleus and arrangement of its orbiting electrons

Nucleus is the

core of the atom

Which electrons have the greatest binding energy

K-shell

Describe ionization

Process of forming a positive atom and dislodged negative ion

What is not a type of electromagnetic radiation

Electrons

What is used to increase voltage in the high-voltage circuit

step-up transformer

What accounts for 70% of all the x-ray energy produced at the anode

general radiation

What occurs at only 70kV or higher and accounts for a very small part of the x-ray produced in the dental x-ray machine

Characteristic radiation

What describes primary radiation

Radiation that exits the tubehead

Describe scatter radiation

Scatter radiation is a form of secondary radiation and is the result of an X-ray that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter. Scatter radiation is deflected from its path by interaction with matter

What is the location where x-rays are produced

The X-ray tube is the heart of the X-ray generating system; it produces X-rays and warrants a separate discussion from the rest of the X-ray machine

Define Ion

atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced

Define ionization

the process of converting an atom into ions

X-ray photons interact with

materials they penetrate and cause ionization

Define radiation

emission and propagation of energy through space or substance in form of waves or particles

Define radioactivity

process when certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration while trying to attain a more balanced nuclear state

Particulate radiation is

tiny particles traveling in straight lines at high rates of speed and transmit kinetic energy by extremely fast moving, small masses

Electromagnetic radiation is

propagation of wavelike energy without mass through space or matter, creates electric and magnetic energy, and some are non-ionizing