NAPLEX Infectious Disease High-Yield Practice Flashcards

A set of 55 practice vocabulary flashcards covering high-yield infectious disease topics for the NAPLEX exam, based on lecture notes.

Penicillin Class Effects

Beta-lactam allergy and seizures (especially with accumulation or renal dysfunction).

Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin L-A)

The drug of choice for syphilis, administered as an intramuscular (IM) injection.

Nafcillin and Oxacillin

The specific penicillins that do NOT require renal dose adjustment.

Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)

A penicillin antibiotic that provides coverage against Pseudomonas.

Ceftaroline

A 5th generation cephalosporin known for covering MRSA.

Cephalosporins covering Pseudomonas

Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Ceftazidime/avibactam, and Ceftolozane/tazobactam.

Cephalosporin Coverage Gaps

Cephalosporins do NOT cover Enterococcus or atypicals.

Respiratory Quinolones

Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Gemifloxacin.

MGL

A mnemonic for 'My Good Lungs' representing the respiratory quinolones: Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, and Levofloxacin.

Fluoroquinolones covering Pseudomonas

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin.

Moxifloxacin Renal Adjustment

A fluoroquinolone that is NOT renally adjusted.

Moxifloxacin UTI usage

A fluoroquinolone that should NOT be used for urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Fluoroquinolone 1:1 Conversion

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin have a $1:1$ IV to PO conversion ratio.

Fluoroquinolone Counseling Points

Separate from cations, avoid sun exposure, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, QT prolongation, and dysglycemia.

Macrolide Coverage

These antibiotics cover atypical organisms.

Macrolide Major Adverse Effect

QT prolongation.

CYP3A4 Inhibiting Macrolides

Clarithromycin and Erythromycin.

Contraindicated Statins with Macrolides

Simvastatin and Lovastatin are contraindicated with clarithromycin or erythromycin.

Tetracycline Avoidance Population

Pregnancy and children under $8$ years.

Tetracycline Counseling Points

Photosensitivity and chelation.

TMP-SMX Ratio

$5:1$ ratio of SMX to TMP.

TMP-SMX Dosing Basis

The dose is based on the TMP component.

TMP-SMX Warfarin Interaction

Causes an interaction that results in an increased INR.

TMP-SMX Adverse Effects

Photosensitivity and hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs).

Clindamycin Coverage

Gram positives and anaerobes.

D-test

A test used to predict inducible clindamycin resistance.

Clindamycin's Biggest Adverse Effect

C. difficile infection.

Metronidazole Coverage

Anaerobes.

Metronidazole Alcohol Interaction

Avoid alcohol due to a disulfiram-like reaction.

Nitrofurantoin Renal Threshold

Avoid usage if CrCl is $< 30\,mL/min$.

Nitrofurantoin Physical Side Effect

May cause brown urine.

Vancomycin Organism Coverage

MRSA and C. difficile (PO only).

IV Vancomycin Dosing

Weight-based dosing.

PO Vancomycin Dosing

Fixed doses.

Vancomycin AUC/MIC Goal

$400-600$ for serious MRSA infections.

Vancomycin Trough for serious MRSA

$15-20\,mcg/mL$.

Vancomycin Trough for less severe infections

$10-15\,mcg/mL$.

Vancomycin MIC Switch Criterion

Consider switching if the MIC is $\ge 2$.

Dalbavancin and Oritavancin

Lipoglycopeptides categorized as single-dose therapies.

Oritavancin Heparin Contraindication

Cannot be given with IV unfractionated heparin for $120\,hours$.

Telavancin Toxicities

Fetal toxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Daptomycin Lab Requirement

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) must be monitored.

Daptomycin Serious Adverse Effect

Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis.

Bicillin L-A

Proper noun for the penicillin G benzathine product used for syphilis.

Gemifloxacin

The 'G' in the MGL mnemonic for 'My Good Lungs'.

Ceftazidime and Cefepime

Two cephalosporins that cover Pseudomonas.

Cefepime Generation

A 4th generation cephalosporin that covers Pseudomonas.

Tendon Rupture and Peripheral Neuropathy

Two major neurological or musculoskeletal risks associated with fluoroquinolones.

Positive Coombs Test

Associated with hemolytic anemia as a side effect of TMP-SMX.

Dysglycemia

A metabolic side effect of fluoroquinolones involving blood sugar changes.

Photosensitivity Drug Groups

Counseling point associated with fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and TMP-SMX.

Zosyn

Brand name for Piperacillin/tazobactam.

400-600

The specific AUC/MIC target for vancomycin in serious MRSA infections.

120 hours

The duration for which Oritavancin cannot be given with IV unfractionated heparin.

Brown Urine

Common counseling point for nitrofurantoin appearance side effect.

ampicillin + ceftriaxone (or cefotaxime) + vancomycin

empiric regimen for suspected meningitis or CNS infection in adults > or =50 or immunocompromised

empiric regimen for suspected bacterial meningitis or CNS infection in ages 1 month to 50 years

ceftriaxone or (cefotaxime) + vancomycin

ampicillin + cefotaxime (no ceftriaxone) or Gentamicin

empiric regimen for suspected meningitis or CNS infection in < 1 month neonates

ceftriaxone

can cause biliary sludging ( which is solids that precipitate from bile) and kernicterus (brain damage from high bilirubin) in neonates