Meem Sakinah and Plural Meem Rules

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, rules, and linguistic reasons for Meem Sakinah, Plural Meem, and the three Shafawi rules.

Meem Sakinah

The letter Meem ($م$) that is free from any vowel and has a fixed sukoon when stopping and continuing reading; it is fixed in both written and pronunciation.

Plural Meem

An extra letter Meem ($م$) that is free from any vowel, preceded by one of the letters ($أ - هـ - ت - ك$), and used to indicate the masculine plural.

Ikhfaa Shafawi (Linguistic Definition)

Covering.

Ikhfaa Shafawi (Expressive Definition)

Pronouncing the meem in a way between Izhar and Idgham without mushaddad and with complete ghunna.

Ikhfaa Shafawi Letter

The single letter Baa ($ب$).

Homogeneity

When two letters agree in the articulation point ($\text{makhraj}$) and disagree in the characteristics.

Reason for calling it Shafawi

Because the meem ($م$) and baa ($ب$) are both articulated from the lips.

Iqlab (in relation to Noon Sakinah)

The meem is inverted from noon; it can come in one word or two words, and there is no disagreement between scholars regarding it.

Idgham Shafawi (Linguistic Definition)

Insertion.

Idgham Shafawi (Expressive Definition)

Inserting the non-voweled meem in the voweled meem so that they become one mushaddad meem.

Idgham Shafawi Letter

The single letter Meem ($م$).

Small Identical Idgham

Another name for Idgham Shafawi; 'small' because the first letter is non-voweled and the second is voweled, and 'identical' because the two letters agree in the makhraj, script, and characteristic.

Izhar Shafawi (Linguistic Definition)

Clear and obvious.

Izhar Shafawi (Expressive Definition)

Articulating the non-voweled meem from its makhraj without complete ghunna and without waqf, sakt, or mushaddad.

Izhar Shafawi Letters

The $26$ letters remaining after the letters of Ikhfaa ($ب$) and Idgham ($م$).

Accidental Kasrah Exception

A rule for Meem Sakinah where, if stopping occurs on a moving letter, it may be broken with an accidental kasrah, such as in $\text{﴿أَنِ اعْبُدُوا﴾}$.

Accidental Fatḥah Exception

A rule for Meem Sakinah where, if stopping occurs on a moving letter, it may be opened with an accidental fatḥah, such as in $\text{﴿أَمِ اللَّه﴾}$.