AP Human Geography Vocab

Density

The measurement of how concentrated a phenomenon in a specific area is.

Distribution

The way a phenomenon is spread out or arranged over a specific geographic area.

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total amount of land in an area.

Physiological Density

The number of people divided by the amount of sustainable land.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers divided by unit area of arable land.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number that an environment can sustain.

Demography

The scientific study of human populations and changed over time.

Overpopulation

The carrying capacity of an area is exceeded and can no longer sustain the species.

Population Pyramid

Age Cohorts

Baby Boom

Baby Bust

Echo

Potential Workforce

Dependency Ratio

Mortality

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Child Mortality Rate

Life Expectancy

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Fertility

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Natural Increase Rate (NIR/RNI)

Emigration

Migration from a location

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Population Doubling Time

Demographic Transition Mode (DTM)

Demographic Balancing Equation

Demographic Momentum

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

Malthusian Theory

Boserup Theory

Neo-Malthusian Theory

Pronatalist Policy

Anti-Natalist Policy

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Gravity Model

Counter Migration

Aging Population

Migration

A form of relocation diffusion that involves that involves a permanent move to a new location

Net Migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

Push Factors

A factor that induces people to move out of their present location

Pull Factor

A factor that induces people to move to a new location.

Intervening Obstacles

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

Intervening Oppurtunities

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice

Involuntary/ Forced Migration

Permanent movement, compelled by cultural or environmental factors

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another

Internal Migration

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country

Refugee

Someone who is forced to migrate from his or her home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Asylum Seekers

Internal Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border.

Transhumance/ Pastoral Nomadism/ Nomadic Herding

Transnational Migration

Chain Migration

Step Migration

Rural to Urban Migration

Guest Workers

A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe in search of a higher-paying job.

Remittance

Transfer of money by worker to people in the country from which they emigrated.

Brain Drain

Zelinsky Migration Transition Model

Xenophobia

Ethic Enclaves

Reference Map

Thematic Map

Choropleth Map

Dot Density Map

Isoline Map

Gradutated Symbol Map

Cartogram Map

Absolute Location

Absolute Distance

Absolute Direction

Relative Location

Relative Direction

Relative Distance

Cartographic Scale

Geographic Scale

Scale of Analysis

Clustering

Dispersal

Elevation

Map Projection

Distortion

Census

Remote Sensing

Satellite Imagery

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Field Observations

Landscape Analysis

Photographic Interpretation

Media Reports

Travel Narratives

Quantitative Data

Qualitative Data

Space