Muscles

flexion

decrease the angle at 2 joints

extension

increasing the angle at 2 joints (straightening out)

Hyperextension

going beyond 180 degrees (can do this to head and wrists for example)

medial rotation

turning your leg inward (toward the body)

lateral rotation

turning your leg outward (away from the body)

adduction

inward movement

abduction

outward movement, going away from body

pronation

palms up to palms down

supination

palms down to palms up

inversion

moving the sole of your foot inwards (medially)

eversion

moving the sole of your foot outwards

plantar flexion

where the top of your foot points away from your leg

dorsiflexion

flexing towards the dorsal (back) side

elevation

raising in a superior motion

depression

downwards in an inferior motion

rotation

not an angular movement; just changing the position

circumduction

circular movement

Opposition

when you touch your finger to your thumb (makes an O shape)

Reapposition

bringing your finger back from touching your thumb

plane joints

two flat surfaces that glide together (often found in the wrist)

pivot joints

a joint that allows rotation; only function is to rotate (ex, the joint between the atlas and axis, proximal ulna radial joint

Hinge joints

only allow for flexion & extension (ex: the elbow, the knee, the joint between the finger joints)

Condylar Joints

round part fitting into a bowl part; all angular movement (all movements listed before)

saddle joints

looks like a saddle sitting on a joint, but has the same movement as the condylar joints (ex where the metacarpal meets up with the carpal)

Ball & Socket Joints

hip is a classic one of these joints, all angular movement (ex: the shoulder, the hip)

subscapularis

serratus anterior

teres minor

infraspinatus

supraspinatus

teres major

pectoralis minor

pectoralis major

deltoid

latissimus dorsi

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

levator scapulae

trapezius

transversus abdominis

rectus abdominis

internal oblique

external oblique

Sternocleidomastoid

anterior scalene

middle scalene

posterior scalene

splenius capitis

brachialis

biceps brachii

brachioradialis

pronator teres

triceps brachii

Flexor digitorum

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

palmaris longus

extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi radialis

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

biceps femoris

gluteus maximus muscle

gluteus medius muscle

tensor fasciae latae

adductor longus muscle

adductor magnus muscle

gracilis muscle

vastus lateralis

extension of knee

Orbicularis occuli

Frontal belly

Occipital belly

Zygomaticus minor

Zygomaticus major

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid major

Teres minor

Teres major

Occipitofrontalis

Aponeurosis

(white tissue)

Temporalis

Orbicularis Oris

Resorious

Buccinator

masseter

Mentalis

Platysma

Rectus femoris

Vastus intermedius

Sartorius

supinator

structural classification for a joint that does not move with examples including sutures and the dental alveolus

Fibrous

functional classification for a joint that does not move with examples including sutures and the dental alveolus

synarthroses

structural classification for a joint that can move a little bit; has a little bit of give with examples including the pubic symphysis & intervertebral joints

cartilaginous

functional classification for a joint that can move a little bit; has a little bit of give with examples including the pubic symphysis & intervertebral joints

Amphiarthrosis

Structural classification for a joint that is highly moveable with examples including the fingers, toes, elbow, wrist, shoulder, & knee

Synovial

functional classification for a joint that is highly moveable with examples including the fingers, toes, elbow, wrist, shoulder, & knee

Diarthroses