Chemistry Lecture Review

A series of flashcards created to help review key chemistry concepts and ensure understanding for the upcoming exam.

What are the two main classes of matter?

Substances and Mixtures.

What is a pure substance?

A form of matter with a specific chemical composition and distinct observable properties.

What differentiates homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?

Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition; heterogeneous mixtures do not.

What are physical properties of matter?

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance, such as color, density, and melting point.

What are chemical properties of matter?

Characteristics that describe a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions, such as flammability and oxidation.

What is the SI unit for mass?

Kilogram (kg).

What is the SI unit for volume?

Cubic meter (m³).

How many milliliters are in 1 liter?

1000 milliliters.

What is the numerical value of Avogadro’s number?

6.022 × 10²³ particles per mole.

What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties?

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter, while intensive properties do not.

What is atomic number?

The number of protons in an atom of an element.

What does the mass number represent?

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

What is the significance of the Schrödinger equation?

It describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes over time, relating to atomic orbitals.

What are quantum numbers?

Numbers that describe different properties of atomic orbitals and electrons in those orbitals.

What type of quantum number indicates the shape of an orbital?

Angular momentum quantum number (l).

What does the spin quantum number indicate?

The direction of the intrinsic spin of the electron.

In the context of the periodic table, what do elements in the same group have in common?

They have similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons.

What is the photoelectric effect?

The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on it.

Define kinetic energy in a chemical context.

Energy that results from the motion of particles.

What does the term 'molar mass' refer to?

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

How do you convert from grams to moles?

Divide the mass of the substance by its molar mass.

What is dimensional analysis?

A method used to convert one unit of measure to another using conversion factors.

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation?

They are inversely related: as frequency increases, wavelength decreases.