Small Animal Anatomy Exam 1 Practice Questions

During full extension of the canine elbow joint, the anconeal process of the ulna is securely seated into which specific depression on the caudal aspect of the distal humerus?

olceranon fossa of the humerus

When evaluating the proximal articular surface of the canine ulna, a veterinary radiologist examines the coronoid processes. Which of the two coronoid processes (medial versus lateral) is larger, bears a greater proportion of the load, and is most frequently associated with fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP) disease?

medial coronoid process of the ulna

The large, C-shaped articular surface of the proximal ulna that articulates directly with the trochlea of the humerus is known as the trochlear (or semilunar) notch. What are the anatomical structures that bound the proximal (1) and distal extremities (2) of this notch, respectively?

1. anconeal process of the ulna

2. medial and lateral coronoid processes of the ulna

A transverse surgical approach proximal and caudal to the radius requires severing the muscles that commonly extend the cubital joint. What major muscle group will be transected?

caudal m. of arm

A transverse surgical approach proximal and caudal to the radius requires severing the muscles that commonly extend the cubital joint. After separating the cutaneous trunci m. what lateral structure will be transected initially?

triceps brachii m.

When describing the proximal radioulnar articulation in small animals, the head of the radius articulates with a specific concave articular facet located on the lateral or craniolateral surface of the proximal ulna. This anatomical ulnar feature acts with the radius to form which joint?

cubital joint

Within the stifle joint, the meniscofemoral ligament is unique because it is the only ligament that attaches to the femur. On which specific aspect of the joint is the meniscofemoral ligament located?

caudal lateral aspect of the genual joint

When evaluating the carpal joint compartments in a small animal, which specific joint possesses the largest range of motion and does NOT communicate with the middle carpal joint?

antebrachiocarpal joint

In the canine thoracic limb, the flexor carpi radialis and superficial digital flexor muscles share a common site of origin. On which directional prominence of the humerus do these caudomedial antebrachial muscles originate?

medial epicondyle of the humerus

A traumatic blow coming from the abaxial side of a digital joint would primarily stretch and tear which collateral ligament?

axial collateral ligaments

During a medial surgical approach to the canine pelvic limb, which muscle is located most superficially and cranially within the proximal medial thigh compartment relative to the deep adductor muscles?

pectineus m.

When evaluating a small animal radiograph, structures are classified into five distinct levels of radiopacity. Which sequence correctly orders these levels from the most radiopaque (white) to the most radiolucent (black)?

A) Air, Fat, Soft Tissue, Mineral, Metal
B) Metal, Mineral, Soft Tissue, Fat, Air
C) Mineral, Metal, Soft Tissue, Air, Fat
D) Soft Tissue, Mineral, Metal, Fat, Air

B) Metal, Mineral, Soft Tissue, Fat, Air

During a surgical exploration of the canine brachium, an anatomist isolates the triceps brachii muscle. How many distinct heads does the canine triceps brachii possess (1), and which specific head originates from the caudal border of the scapula (2)?

1. 4 heads

2. long head

While reviewing accessory synovial structures in the thoracic limb, a clinician notes that the tendon of the biceps brachii is enclosed by a tendon sheath. In contrast, what type of fluid-filled synovial sac is found beneath the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle to reduce friction against bony prominences?

bursae

When examining the craniolateral antebrachial muscle group in the canine forelimb, which specific muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the accessory carpal bone, functioning uniquely as a flexor of the carpal joint?

ulnaris lateralis m.

When mapping the insertion sites of the canine shoulder girdle, an anatomist notes that the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles both insert on the same major bony prominence of the proximal humerus. What is this landmark called?

greater tubercle of the humerus

In a radiographic evaluation of the canine forepaw, which proximal carpal bone is situated on the lateral side, articulating with the ulna and accessory carpal bone?

ulnar carpal bone

On the medial view of the canine pelvis and sacrum, what is the anatomical name of the broad and roughened articular area on the ilium that forms a rigid joint with the sacrum?

auricular surface of the pelvis

On a mediolateral radiograph of a dog's pes, the clinician notes an abnormal growth on the large bone projecting from the proximal and caudal aspect of the hock. Which bone is this (1), and which prominent landmark forms its proximal extremity (2)?

1. calcaneus

2. tuber calcanei of calcaneus

During surgical planning for a humeral fracture repair, a surgeon references a bone cell that is actively responsible for generating or "budding" new bone tissue. What is a term that describes a cell that builds bone?

osteoblast

What does the anatomical and medical root acro mean?

extremity

Define this term in four words or less: bradycardia?

slow heart

Define this term in three words or less: chrondroblast?

cartilage budding

What does the word root crypt(o) mean in medical terms like cryptorchid?

hidden

Define this term in three words or less: polydactyl?

multiple toes

What does the root cortic(o) mean (as related to the cortex)?

bark, shell, rind