Week 2: Pediatric OT lens on Human Development

Bottom Up

Starts with details and components and leads to occupation

Top Down

Starts with occupation and works its way down to the small components

prenatal brain phase

- CNS developing

- Establishing synaptic connections

Postnatal brain phase

- 3 to 5 years

- Integration of reflexes

- Critical periods

- Neuroplasticity

- Growth tracking

- Culture

3 Parts of the Brain

- Hindbrain

- Midbrain

- Forebrain

Hindbrain

An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord

- reflexes

Midbrain

A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward.

- sensory

- vision

Forebrain

The largest and most complicated region of the brain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.

- Personality

- Executive functioning

Quality vs Quantity

Quality input is more beneficial than quantity input thats not quality

Neuroplasticity

- Use it or lose it

- Use it and improve it

- Specificity

- Repetition matters

- Intensity matters

- Time matters

- Salience matters

- Age matters

- Transference

- Interference

Motor development

1. Reflexes

2. Proximodistial

3. Critical periods

Reflexes

- Not sent from the brain

- Not voluntary

Proximodistal

Develop from proximal to distal

Critical Periods

Development occurs most effectively and efficiently during certain times of a person's life

Dressing

- Doffs socks (1 yr)

- Situates arms in arm holes once shirt is over head (2 yr)

- Dons easy clothing, ex.

Jacket without zipping

- Doffs simple pants (3 yr)

- Laces shoes (4 yr)

Self feeding

- Starts mouthing/ holding

large crackers and cookies (6-9 mo)

- Enjoys finger feeding (9-13 mo)

- Dips spoon in foods (12-14 mo)

- Stabs food with fork (2-3yr)

Toileting

- Child shows emotional

distress when soiled (1 yr)

- Child shows interest in toileting (2 yr)

- Child will indicate need

to use bathroom, requires assistance with managing clothing (30 mo)

- Child toilets on their own (3 yr)

- Child toilets Ily and manages clothing (4.5 yr)

Transition from bottle to cup

- Moves hand/hands to bottle or breast while feeding (2-4 mo)

- Holds a bottle with both hands/ uses cup with help (6-9 mo)

- Holds a cup with both hands/ takes a few sips without help (12-15 mo)

- Uses a straw (15-18 mo)

- Drinks from a cup with no lid without spilling (24+ mo)