Leadership Exam Jam

Client Rights

Legal guarantees regarding health care that protect a client's ability to receive information, make decisions, and be treated with dignity and respect.

Autonomy

The client's right to make personal decisions regarding health care, including accepting or refusing treatment.

Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)

A federal law requiring health care facilities to inform clients of their rights to accept or refuse treatment and to create advance directives.

Refusal of Treatment

A competent client's legal right to decline any treatment, procedure, medication, or intervention.

Against Medical Advice (AMA)

A situation in which a competent client chooses to leave a health care facility before the provider recommends discharge.

Nursing Actions for Refusal of Treatment

Notify the provider, explain the risks of refusal, document all teaching and notifications, and ask the client to sign refusal documentation.

Advocacy

The nurse's role in supporting, protecting, and promoting the client's rights, interests, and informed decision-making.

Client Advocate

A nurse who ensures clients receive information, understand their options, and have their rights protected.

Informed Consent

A legal process in which a client voluntarily agrees to a treatment or procedure after receiving sufficient information about it.

Implied Consent

Consent demonstrated through a client's actions or cooperation, such as extending an arm for a blood pressure measurement.

Written Consent

A signed document required for surgeries, invasive procedures, and certain treatments that involve significant risk.

Provider's Responsibility in Informed Consent

Explaining the procedure, risks, benefits, alternatives, risks of refusing treatment, and obtaining informed consent.

Nurse's Responsibility in Informed Consent

Witnessing the client's signature, verifying competence and voluntariness, assessing understanding, and notifying the provider if additional questions arise.

Competence

The client's ability to understand information, make decisions, and provide valid consent.

Voluntary Consent

Consent given freely without coercion, manipulation, or pressure.

Qualified Medical Interpreter

A trained professional who assists communication between health care providers and clients who have language barriers.

Advance Directives

Legal documents that communicate a client's wishes regarding future health care decisions if the client becomes unable to make decisions.

Living Will

A written advance directive that specifies which life-sustaining treatments a client wishes to receive or refuse if terminally ill or in a persistent vegetative state.

Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care

A legal document that designates another person to make health care decisions when the client is unable to do so.

Health Care Proxy

A person appointed by the client to make health care decisions on the client's behalf when the client is incapacitated.

Life-Sustaining Measures

Medical treatments that prolong life, such as mechanical ventilation, dialysis, enteral feedings, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Emergency measures used to restore breathing and circulation that may be accepted or refused through advance directives.

Emancipated Minor

A minor who is legally considered independent and may provide consent for their own health care.

Legal Guardian

An individual legally authorized to make decisions on behalf of another person who lacks decision-making capacity.

Confidentiality

The obligation to protect private client information from unauthorized disclosure.

HIPAA

Federal regulations that protect the privacy and security of a client's health information.

Exercise ECG Stress Test

A diagnostic procedure requiring informed consent because physical exertion during testing presents potential risks to the client.

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

check apical pulse, monitor serum digoxin levels and electrolytes, evaluate for early signs of toxicity, adjust.

CRITICAL ALERTS FOR DIGOXIN

stop immediately if signs of digoxin toxicity appear

Antidote for Digoxin

immune Fab

Lisinopril (Prinivil)

assess BP, renal function, potassium; persistent cough warrants assessment (DC if side effect manifests); ANGIOEDEMA IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY BECAUSE IT CAN COMPROMISE AIRWAY.

CRITICAL ALERTS FOR LISINOPRIL

BLACK BOX WARRANT-Teratogen (Avoid in pregnancy)