The Industrial Revolution

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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and important concepts of the Industrial Revolution, including social, economic, and technological changes.

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13 Terms

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Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid technological change that took place from around 1750 to 1914, transforming agriculture, manufacturing, and societal structure.

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Luddites

Workers who protested against industrialization by destroying machinery that they believed threatened their jobs.

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Factory System

A method of manufacturing that brought workers and machines together in one place to produce goods on a large scale.

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Chartism

A working-class movement in Britain that aimed to gain political rights and influence for the working class through a charter of demands.

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Socialism

An economic system that advocates for collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.

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Cottage Industry

Small-scale production of goods in individual homes, common before the Industrial Revolution.

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Urbanization

The migration of populations from rural areas to cities, especially during the Industrial Revolution.

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Steam Engine

A revolutionary machine that converts steam into mechanical work, crucial for powering factories and transportation during the Industrial Revolution.

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Telegraph

A communication system that transmits messages over long distances, using coded signals; significant during the Industrial Revolution for faster communication.

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Agricultural Revolution

A period of technological advancement in farming that preceded and contributed to the Industrial Revolution.

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Child Labor

The employment of children in factories and businesses, often leading to exploitation and poor working conditions.

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Enclosure Acts

Laws that consolidated common lands into individual plots, leading to increased agricultural efficiency but displacing many farmers.

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Middle Class

A social class that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, consisting of factory owners, merchants, and professionals, distinct from the aristocracy and working class.