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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and important concepts of the Industrial Revolution, including social, economic, and technological changes.
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Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid technological change that took place from around 1750 to 1914, transforming agriculture, manufacturing, and societal structure.
Luddites
Workers who protested against industrialization by destroying machinery that they believed threatened their jobs.
Factory System
A method of manufacturing that brought workers and machines together in one place to produce goods on a large scale.
Chartism
A working-class movement in Britain that aimed to gain political rights and influence for the working class through a charter of demands.
Socialism
An economic system that advocates for collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.
Cottage Industry
Small-scale production of goods in individual homes, common before the Industrial Revolution.
Urbanization
The migration of populations from rural areas to cities, especially during the Industrial Revolution.
Steam Engine
A revolutionary machine that converts steam into mechanical work, crucial for powering factories and transportation during the Industrial Revolution.
Telegraph
A communication system that transmits messages over long distances, using coded signals; significant during the Industrial Revolution for faster communication.
Agricultural Revolution
A period of technological advancement in farming that preceded and contributed to the Industrial Revolution.
Child Labor
The employment of children in factories and businesses, often leading to exploitation and poor working conditions.
Enclosure Acts
Laws that consolidated common lands into individual plots, leading to increased agricultural efficiency but displacing many farmers.
Middle Class
A social class that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, consisting of factory owners, merchants, and professionals, distinct from the aristocracy and working class.