revolutionary council of labourers or peasents in russia before 1917; also: citizen of the Soviet Union
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communism
system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to his ability and needs
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bolshevik
member of the political party of Lenin
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dictator
ruler with total power over a country, mostly one who had obtained control by force
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New Economic Policy:
program instituted by Lenin for a temporarily more capitalism-oriented economies policy
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superpower
very powerful en influential nation in the world
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totalitarian state
state with a centralised government that is dictatorial and controls every part of people's lives
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Five-Year Plan
Stalin's plan to industrialise the Soviet Union for five years
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collectivisation
forceful joining of agriculture into huge state farms
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kulak
peasant in Russia wealthy enough to own a farm and hire labour
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Great Purge
period of repression and persecution in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s
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Gulag forced labour camps
system of forced labour camps in which opponents of the Soviet Union were imprisoned and many people died
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cult of personality
excessive public admiration for or devotion to a famous person
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interbellum
the period between two world wars (i.e between 1918 and 1939)
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fascism
nationalist and authoritarian political ideology founded by Mussolini
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Blackshirts
private militia of Mussoloni
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Weimar republic
name now used for germany from 1919 to 1933
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Nazi Party
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche arbeiterpartei, abbreviated as NSDAP; German political party led by Hitler
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national socialism
political ideology of the Nazi party
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Brownshirts
private militia and guards of hitler
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anti-Semitism
hostility to or prejudice against jews
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stock
share; stocks can be bought or sold on a stock market
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Wall Street Crash of 1929
stock market crash that started the Great Depression
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Great Depression
great 10-year economis crisis that affected all western industrialised countries and started in 1929 in the USA
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Hooverville
shanty town in the USA built by homeless people during the Great Depression
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New Deal
series of programmes launched by president Roosevelt to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression
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Dawes plan
plan of the Allies after WW1 to solve Germany's war reperation problem
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reichstag
german parliament
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enabling act
act through which Hitler obtained dictatorial power
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SS
abbreviation for Schutzstaffel; security and military organisation controlled by by the nazi party
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Night of Long knives
purge used by Hitler to eradicate the critics of his regime in the SA (Brownshirts)
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nazification
measures taken by Hitler to turn germany into a totalitarian state
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indoctrination
process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically
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hitler youth
organisation in Nazi Germany for children aged 10 to 18
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gestapo
state secret police of Nazi Germany
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concentration camp
camps were a government forces many people to live, sometimes under terrible conditions