Thyroid part 3

Medullary carcinoma-

• 5% of thyroid cancers

• often familial (20%)

• High incidence of lymph node involvement

• appears similar to papillary

Anaplastic Carcinoma -

• 50 year olds

• 0-14% 5-year survival rate

• hard fixed mass

• rapid growth

• locally invasive

anaplastic carcinoma causes-

death by asphyxiation

Anaplastic carcinoma sonography -

• hypoechoic mass

• invasion of surrounding structures

Lymphoma-

• Non- Hodgkins type

• 4% of thyroid malignancies

• mass with rapid growth

lymphoma is a sequela of -

Hashimoto’s disease

lymphoma sonography:

• hypoechoic mass - large - solid

• lobulated

• central necrosis may be present

• often accompanied by thyroiditis

5 characteristics evaluated using TI-RADS

• composition

• shape

• echogenicity

• margins

• echogenic foci

Malignant characteristics on the TI-RAD scale -

• solid

• very hypoechoic

• taller than wide

• irregular

• lobulated

• punctate

• comet tails (small)