Biology chap. 3 pt 2

Flashcards covering key concepts related to protein structure and function.

Primary Structure

The linear amino acid sequence of a protein, representing its lowest level of organization.

Secondary Structure

The level of protein structure that involves repeated hydrogen bonds within the amino acid backbone, typically forming alpha helices or beta sheets.

Alpha Helix

A common secondary structure of proteins characterized by a spiral shape stabilized by repeated hydrogen bonds.

Beta Sheet

A common secondary structure consisting of flat panels of amino acids stabilized by repeated hydrogen bonds.

Tertiary Structure

The overall three-dimensional shape of a protein formed by interactions between the amino acid side chains (R groups).

Quaternary Structure

The highest level of protein structure, involving the interaction of two or more polypeptide chains.

Hydrophobic Interaction

An attraction between hydrophobic (water-repelling) side chains of amino acids that contributes to protein folding.

Ionic Bond

A type of chemical bond formed between positively and negatively charged side chains of amino acids.

Disulfide Bridge

A covalent bond formed between sulfur atoms of cysteine residues in a protein, contributing to its tertiary structure.

Casein

A milk protein that serves as the main storage protein, facilitating nutrient delivery to young mammals.

Coagulation

The process by which proteins aggregate and form a solid mass, as seen when casein proteins clump together in acidic conditions.