Software Project Management Quiz 2

What are the 7 methods for collecting requirements

1. interviewing

2. focus groups and facilitated workshops

3. using group creativity and decision-making techniques

4. questionnaires and surveys

5. observation

6. prototyping

7. benchmarking

What does the predictive lifecycle entail?

The scope of the project can be clearly articulated such that the schedule and cost can be predicted

What does Adaptive Software Development Life Cycle entail?

It entails that requirements cannot be clearly expressed so projects are mission driven and component based. Uses time-based cycles to meet target dates

What are the 5 Predictive Life Cycle Models

1. waterfall model

2. spiral model

3. incremental build model

4. prototyping model

5. rapid application development model

What are the steps in the Project Scope Management process

1. Plan Scope Management

2. Collect Requirements

3. Define Scope

4. Create WBS(Work breakdown structure)

5. Validate Scope

6. Control Scope

What does the structural frame of an organization focus on?

The structural frame of an organization focuses on roles, responsibilities, coordination, and control.

Political frame

Coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. Conflict and power are key issues

Human Resources frame

Provides harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people

Symbolic Frame

Symbols and meanings related to events. Culture, language, traditions, and image are all parts of this frame.

What are the three organizational structures

Funtional: functional managers report to the CEO

Project: Program managers report to the CEO

Matrix: Middle ground between functional and project where personell report to two or more bosses

How can project managers utilize the four frames of the organization to meet stakeholder needs and expectations?

1. Structural Frame: They can establish clear organizational structures, roles, and responsibilities to ensure efficient communication and decision-making with stakeholders.

2. Human Resource Frame: By understanding the human aspects of the organization, project managers can motivate and engage stakeholders, fostering collaboration and commitment.

3. Political Frame: Project managers can navigate organizational politics and power dynamics to build alliances and gain support from influential stakeholders.

4. Symbolic Frame: They can create a compelling vision and narrative that aligns with stakeholder values and aspirations, inspiring enthusiasm and buy-in for the project.

What happens in the early phases of a project life cycle

1.Resource needs are usually lowest

2.The level of uncertainty (risk) is highest

3.Project stakeholders have the greatest opportunity to influence the project

What are the two occurences middle phases of a project life cycle?

1. the certainty of completing a project improves

2. more resources are needed

The final phases of a project life cycle

1.ensuring that project requirements were met

2.The sponsor approves completion of the project

What does Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework describe?

It is the framework for describing the phases invovled in developing and maintaining information systems.

what is the requirements traceability matrix (RTM)

it is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.

What is the Work Breakdown Structure(WBS)

A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a way to organize all the tasks in a project based on what needs to be delivered.

Decomposition

Subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces

Work package

A task at the lowest level of the Work Breakdown Structure(WBS)

Scope Baseline

A document that includes the approved project, scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary

Approaches to developing WBS

1. Analogy Approch

2. Top-Down approach

3. Bottom-up approach

4. Mind Mapping Approach

What does scope validation involve?

involves formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables

Varience

is the difference between planned and actual performance

4 Best Practices for avoiding scope problems

1. keep the scope realistic

2. involve users in project scope management

3. use off-the-shelf hardware and software whenever possible

4. follow good project management processes

Analogy Approach

User similar project WBS as a starting point

What does the Top-down approach start and end with

Start with the largest items of the project and break them down into subordinate levels

Bottom-up approach

Identify specific tasks related to the project and aggregate them into higher levels of the WBS

Mind mapping

Branching from core idea to structure thoughts and ideas

WBS dictionary

A document that provides detailed infomation about each WBS item

Scope creep

The tendency for a project scope to get bigger and bigger