Week 2- Infertility & Ectopic Pregnancies

What’s primary infertility?

never managed to achieved a pregnancy

What is secondary infertility?

not being able to get pregnant after being pregnant before

What’s infertility?

disease of male/female reproductive system where there is a failure to achieve pregnancy after 12+ months of regular unprotected sex.

What’s gestational diabetes?

pregnant body becomes more resistance to insulin, so that the baby can get the glucose

When should folic acid be consumed?

12 weeks prior to conception and at least until the end of the first trimester

What hormone indicates ovulation has occurred?

progesterone

Hcg pregnancy test will say positive, how many days after fertilization?

7 days

What is azoospermia?

absent sperm in sperm sample

What can shoulder tip pain indicate?

The phrenic nerve, which is caused by d/t pressure of the growing uterus on the diaphragm

What’s hypovolemic shock?

severe fluid loss preventing heart from pumping enough blood to meet body’s needs

What vital signs demonstrate pt can be in hypovolemic shock?

tachycardia, high RR and low BP

What blood test assess for anaerobic metabolism?

lactic acid

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

If pregnancy grows outside of the endometrium (most commonly in the fallopian tube), there is a delayed diagnosis

What’s the leading cause of first-trimester death?

ectopic pregnancy

What is the presentation of polycythemia vera (PV) with blood not clotting, oozing from IV sites, and hematuria?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

What does PV increase the risk of?

thrombosis and bleeding due to abnormal platelet function

Salpingectomy is...

surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes

After a salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy, what med is commonly given?

Rh D immunoglobulin

Why is RhD immunoglobulin given?

to Rh-negative women to prevent Rh sensitization

What are the major complications that can happen when giving birth?

• severe bleeding (mostly bleeding after childbirth);

• infections (usually after childbirth);

• high blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia);

• complications from delivery

• unsafe abortion

What are the non-physiological contributing factors r/t maternal morbidity and mortality?

• Women/family factors: Lack of awareness of early warning signs and need to seek care

• Provider factors: Misdiagnosis and ineffective treatments

• System factors: Lack of coordination between providers

What are some supplements that can help a woman reach full-term labor?

Folic acid, vitamin D and iron

What is ovulation induction?

simplest form of fertility treatment for women who aren’t ovulating

What are some fo the medications given for ovulation induction?

clomid and FSH injection

Why is a follicle tracking scan important when doing ovulation induction?

prevent overstimulation of the ovaries, which can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation or higher risk of multiple pregnancy

For ovulation induction, when is an HCG trigger injection given?

once follicle is mature to induce ovulation

What is Intrauterine insemination?

Combination of ovulation induction and artificial insemination on the day of ovulation

For intrauterine insemination, what is the process?

Once the follicle is big enough, the hCG trigger is administered, and artificial insemination will occur the following day under ultrasound guidance

What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?

Protocol of medication to prepare the ovaries for egg collection

What’s the process of in vitro fertilization?

hCG is given for the final maturation of eggs, which will be collected under light sedation. Sperm is then mixed with/ eggs in a petri dish, and 1-2 embryos are selected for transfer into the uterus under ultrasound guidance

What is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)?

Similar process to IVF, except a single sperm is selected for injection into each egg

Who is at risk for developing Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome?

all women undergoing ovarian stimulation