(2) bio unit 1 test

density dependent factors

factors that depend on the population

Ex: amt of food, water, shelter, competition, disease

what do invasive species take away.

take up space, food, water, shelter

what can a predators matter and energy be used for if not going to another animal.

it can be decomposed, recycled and stored as heat.

why has there been more shark attacks in New England?

the sharks came into New England. Shores and ate all of the food, then reached caring capacity and had to survive off of humans.

lag phase

when a population is just starting to adapt to a new area so the population grows very slowly

density independent factors

factors that are natural and/or don’t have to do with the population

ex: natural disasters, human intervention, temperature, amount of sunlight, precipitation, etc

exponential growth

• j curve

• no limiting factors

• reaches point when unsustainable and population eventually crashes

logistic growth

• s curve

• limiting factors

which type of growth stays around carrying capacity

logistic growth ( s curve )

boom-bust cycle

predator prey interactions and relationships

ways a population increases

birth rate and immigration

ways a population decreases

death rate and emigration

What is Ecological succession and what is it caused by

Ecological succesion is the natural process of how an ecosystem changes over time.

it is caused by disturbance to the ecosystem.

EX: glaciers, floods, volcanic eruptions.

Primary succession

takes longer to recover because it starts with bare rock (no soil) and it needs soil to grow life

Secondary succession

Soil is still present so there is a faster recovery.

Pioneer species

Climax species in the climax community (apex predator)

What are the ecological relationships

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

what is mutualism

both species benefit

what is commensalism

One species benefits, the other has no effect

parasitism

One species benefits, one is harmed

what are some examples of animals social behavior?

Flocking, herding, v-formation, schooling

swarming

Biodiversity

The variety of living things on earth down to an individual species

What is loss of biodiversity caused by?

• Habit destruction

• invasive species

• climate change

• overexploitation

• disease

• human interaction

Biomes

large areas in the world that have similar climates, plants and animals

what kind of biomes have the most and least diversity?

Most biodiversity: Tropical areas (closest to equator

• warmer temperature

• more precipitation

• more sunshine

Least biodiversity: Drier areas

• less precipitation

• cooler temperature

• less sunlight

why are invasive species so effective at invading an ecosystem?

• No natural predators to eat them

• healthier climate than their natural environment

• Reproduce quickly (reproduce multiple ways) so overgrown the normal plant species

• can survive with less sunlight

• no natural diseases

Explain the stages of succesion

ecological succession is an ecosystem naturally changing overtime, which is caused by disturbance to the ecosystem like a natural disaster. After the natural disaster, primary succession occurs, which starts with bear rock in no soil, so it takes much longer to recover because it needs to form soil to grow life. Then secondary succession occurs were soil is now present and there is a faster recovery.