Diet and Nutrition Module 7 Review

Nephrosclerosis

hardening of the renal arteries

usually restricted to 1,500 to 2,500 mg a day for dialysis clients.

Potassium

Oliguria

the condition when urinary output is less than 500 mL/day

Dyspepsia

discomfort in the digestive tract.

Nephrolithiasis

condition in which stones develop in the kidneys.

Hiatal hernia

condition in which a part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity

mouth, small intestine, large intestine

primary organs of the gastrointestinal tract?

functions of the kidneys

secrete certain hormones, excrete wastes

food that can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

chocolate

urea and uric acid

two end products of protein metabolism

People who have celiac disease would eliminate what food from their diet?

barley

Renal stones are classified according to their _.

composition

what amount of cancer cases could be prevented by lifestyle changes?

one-third

functions is performed in the liver

Cholesterol is synthesized; Bile is synthesized; Fats are converted to lipoproteins

total parenteral nutrition

The process of providing all nutrients intravenously

osteomalacia

softening of the bones due to excessive loss of calcium

example of a phytochemical

legumes

one of the first indicators of cancer

weight loss

deadliest form of skin cancer

melanoma

most common type of skin cancer

basal cell

diverticulosis

name of the intestinal disorder characterized by little pockets in the sides of the large intestine

hypoalbuminemia

abnormally low amounts of protein in the blood

neoplasm

cancerous tumor

xerostomia

dry mouth

soft diet

diet recommended for a cancer client who has chewing difficulty

vitamin supplement that should not be given to renal clients because the blood level of this vitamin tends to be elevated in uremia

Vitamin A

metastasize

When cancer cells spread to new tissue sites in the body

Helicobacter pylori

bacteria sometimes associated with a peptic ulcer

Acute esophagitis is caused by _.

ingesting an irritating agent

bacon

food associated with the prevalence of cancer

A typical renal daily diet is sometimes referred to as "80-3-3," meaning

80 g of protein, 3 g of sodium, 3 g of potassium

After the acute phase of diverticulitis is over, a _ diet is given.

high fiber

how many liters of urine are excreted per day

1.5 L

Energy needs for the client with renal disease should be fulfilled with _

carbohydrates and fats

Gastroesophageal reflux can cause _.

esophagitis

Hemodialysis is done for 3 to 5 hours how many times each week?

3

Hepatitis A is transmitted through _.

contaminated drinking water, food, or sewage

antibiotics are useful in treating peptic ulcers by

by killing the bacteria

the symptoms of a hiatal hernia can be eliminated by

eating small frequent meals

grams of fiber in a low-residue diet

5 - 10

protein recommended for a cancer client with a good nutritional status

​1-1.2 g of protein per kilogram of body weight

If there was substantial bone loss before a kidney transplant, additional calcium and _ may be necessary following the transplant.

phosphorus

Kidneys make the final conversion of what vitamin?

Vitamin D

Large amounts of _ are helpful in diluting urine for the treatment of renal stones.

fluid

Milk is normally restricted to 1/2 cup per day for dialysis clients because it is high in what?

potassium

oncology

study of cancer

What is the protein diet recommendation for a client with a peptic ulcer

no more than 0.8 g of low-fat protein per kilogram of body weight

How is cimetidine useful in treating peptic ulcers

inhibits gastric secretions

How can dyspepsia be related to a physical cause

overeating

Diet therapy for clients with diverticulitis may begin with _.

clear liquid diet