Histology Lab 14 - Endocrine

ACTH hypersecretion due to autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex

Addison's disease

ACTH producing cell type

Corticotropes

Adrenal cortical hyperplasia due to corticotropic tumor

Cushing's disease

Backbone of all steroid hormones

Cholesterol

Catecholamine-secreting cell type

Chromaffin

Cell type surrounding colloid

Follicular

Cells arranged in long, straight 'cords' surrounded by fenestrated capillaries

Zona fasciculata

Cells arranged in ovoid clusters and curved columns surrounded by fenestrated capillaries

Zona glomerulosa

Cells displaying abundant SER, abundant mitochondria and lipid droplets

Steroid hormone secreting cells

Cell type which secretes calcitonin

Parafollicular

Cell type which produces thyroid hormone

Thyrotrope

Cell type which secretes aldosterone

Zona glomerulosa

Cell type which secretes androgens

Zona reticularis

Cell type which secretes glucocorticoids

Zona fasciculate

Cell type which secretes parathyroid hormone

Chief cells

Component making up the colloid of thyroid gland

Thyroglobulin

Delivery system transporting inhibiting/releasing hormones from hypothalamus to pars distalis

Hypophyseal portal veins

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Catecholamines

FSH releasing cell type

Gonadotrope

Gland which contains follicles

Thyroid

Gland with a mesoderm-derived cortex and neural crest-derived medulla

Adrenal

Growth-hormone releasing cell type

Somatotrope

Hormone which act to raise blood calcium levels

PTH

Hormone which acts to lower blood calcium levels

Calcitonin

Hormones which increases metabolic rate

Glucocorticoids

Hormone which leads to a decrease in osteoclast activity

Calcitonin

Hormone which leads to an increase in osteoclast activity

PTH

Hormone which promotes gamete production and estrogen secretion

FSH

Hormone which regulates sex hormone secretion in males and females

LH

Hormone which regulates water retention/excretion

Aldosterone

Hormone which stimulates milk production and lactation

Prolactin

Hormone which stimulates release of glucocorticoids

Aldosterone

Hormone which stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

TSH

Hormone which targets epiphyseal cartilage

GH

Hormone which triggers contraction of uterine wall and myoepithelial cells of mammary glands

Oxytocin

Hyper-secretion leads to gigantism or acromegaly

GH

Hypo-secretion leads to pituitary dwarfism

GH

Insulin secreting cell type

Beta cell

Irregular arrangement of cells separated by fenestrated capillaries

Zona reticularis

Large, acidophilic cells with no known function

Oxyphils

LH releasing cell type

Gonadotrope

Neural crest derived cell type

Chromaffin

Neuro-secretory cell type

Chromaffin

Over production of thyroid hormone due to an autoimmune disease

Grave's disease

Portion of pituitary derived from down-growth of hypothalamus

Posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis)

Portion of pituitary derived from up-growth of oral ectoderm

Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis)

Prolactin releasing cell type

Mammotropes

Region of hormone-secreting cells within pancreas

Islet of Langerhans

Remnants of an up-growth of oral ectoderm

Rathke's cyst

'Resting' cells of anterior pituitary

Chromophobes

'Resting' chief cells

Clear cells

Result of iodine deficiency

Goiter

Structures where ADH and oxytocin are stored

Herring bodies

Supporting glial cells of the pars nervosa

Pituicytes

The growth of axons by this cell type is inhibited by glucocorticoids

Chromaffin

Three pituitary basophils

Gonadotropes, Thyrotropes, Corticotropes

Three regions of anterior pituitary

Pars distalis, pars intermedia, Pars tuberalis

Three regions of posterior pituitary

Pars nervosa, Infundibulum, Median eminence

TSH releasing cells

Thyrotropes

Two pituitary acidophils

Somatotropes, Mammotropes