Epithelial and Germ Cell Tumors

What is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths

ovarian carcinoma 

1 in how many women develop ovarian carcinoma

75

what age range does ovarian carcinoma typically affect

40-60 years old

Peri to post menopausal

What are the risk factors for ovarian carcinoma

age

Uninterrupted Ovulatory activity

Family history

What is the strongest risk factors for ovarian carcinoma

family history of breast cancer

What genetic mutations can cause ovarian carcinoma 

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

What stage of ovarian carcinoma is limited to the ovary

stage 1

What stage of ovarian carcinoma is spread beyond the capsule of the ovary and into the pelvis

stage 2

what stage of ovarian carcinoma is spread beyond the pelvis into the abdomen

stage 3

what stage of ovarian carcinoma spreads to the liver and beyond 

stage 4

What tumor accounts for 65-75% of all ovarian neoplasms

Epithelial tumors

what are the two most common types of epithelial tumors

mutinous and serous

What is the most common type of epithelial tumor

serous tumors

What is termed as the benign form of epithelial tumors 

adenoma 

what is the malignant form of epithelial tumor

adenocarcinoma

how many epithelial tumors are there

7

what age range do mucinous cystadenomas affect

11-45 years old 

A mucinous cystadenoma can weight up to

100 lbs

what age range do mucinous cystadenoarciomas affect

40-70 years old

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinomas are associated with 

pseudomyxoma peritoneum which is localized ascites 

What is the second most common benign tumor of the ovary

serous cystadenoma

what is the most common benign tumor

dermoid

Do serious cystadenomas typically occur bilaterally or unilaterally

unilaterally 

which is smaller, a mucinous tumor or serous tumor

serous tumors are smaller

What accounts for 60-80% of all ovarian carcinomas

serous cystadenocarcinoma

more than half of serious cystadenocarcinomas occur

bilaterally on the ovaries 

Nearly all of these tumors are malignant

endometrioids

What are the second most common ovarian malignancy

endometrioids are the second most common

what group of women do endometrioids typically occur in

post menopausal women 

what is the peak age for endometrioids

50-70 years old

what tumors are considered to be of Müllerian duct origin

clear cell tumors

clear cell epithelial tumors are a variant of

endometriod carcinoma 

clear cell tumors most often affect

post menopausal women

50-70 years of age

Clear cell tumors are associated with 

endometriotic cysts and pelvic endometriosis 

what tumor is also known as a transitional cell tumors

brenners tumor

are brenners tumors common or uncommon

uncommon

what age rage do brenners tumors typically affect 

40-70 years old 

30% of brenners tumors are associated with

cystic neoplasms in the ipsilateral ovary

what are germ cell tumors derived from

primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonads

95% of germ cell tumors are 

benign cystic teratomas 

germ cell tumors are associated with what elevated test

AFP and hCG

How many germ cell tumors are there

6

What is the most common ovarian neoplasm 

teratoma (dermoid) 

80% of dermoids occur in what age

childbearing age

what are dermoids composed of

well differentiated derivatives of the three germ layers

what is the clinical presentation of a dermoid 

asymptomatic

Abdo pain

Pelvic enlargement

what is the sonographic sign of a dermoid

Tip of the iceberg sign 

Immature tertomas are more common in

young girls

are immature terotaoms malignant or benign

immature teratomas are malignant

what germ cell tumor occurs in omen younger than 30

dysgerminoma 

Dysgerminomas are the most common ovarian neoplasm seen in 

pregnancy alongside serous cystadenoma 

what is also known as a yolk sac tumor

endodermal sinus tumor

Endodermal sinus tumors are the second most common

malignant ovarian germ cell neoplasm

Endodermal sinus tumors occur in women under what age 

20