ISS220 David Annino, Test 1

Data

Raw facts such as an employee number or total hours worked in a week.

Information

A collection of data organized and processed so that it has additional value beyond the value of the individual facts

Process

a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome

Knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

-Accurate

-Accessable

-Complete

-Economical

-Flexible

-Relevant

-Reliable

-Secure

-Simple

-Timely

-Variable

Characteristics of Quality Information

Information System

hardware, software, data, procuture, people

A set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information.

Value Chain

A series of activities that an org performs to transform inputs into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased

Supply Chain

A key value chain whose primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service.

Supply Chain Management

The management of all the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer's hands in the right quantity at the right time and the right cost.

Innovation

the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm leading to increased value

Soft Side of Implementing Change

The work designed to help employees embrace a new IS and way of working

Change management model

the description of phases an individual or org goes through in making a change

Three Stage Approach:

-unfreezing: preparing for change

-Moving: making the change

-Refreezing: institutionalizing

Lewin's Model of Change

Force Field Analysis

An approach to identify both the driving and restraining forces that influence whether change can occur.

Leavitt's Diamond

proposes that every org system is made up of four components:

1. people

2. tasks

3. structure

4. technology

any change in one leads to change in all

Technology Acceptance Model

specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about an information system, along with higher acceptance and usage of it.

Diffusion of innovation theory

explains how a new idea or project gains acceptance and diffuses through a specific population

1. Operation

2.Development

3. Support

3 Roles of IS careers

Careers

See word doc

Hardware components include devices that:

-input

-processing

-data storage

-output

Anatomy of a Computer (hardware)

Central Processing Unit

Part of the computer that seqeuences and executes instructions

input/output device

a computer component. that provides data and instructions to the computer and receives results from it

bus

a set of electronic circuits used to route data and instructions to and from the various components of a computer

co processor

part of the computer that speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity

multicore Processor

has two or more independent processing units which are capable of sequencing and executing insturctions

parallel computing

simultaneous execution of the same tasks on multiple processors to obtain results faster

grid computing

use of a collection of computers, often owned by multiply individuals or orgs, that work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem

RAM- a form of memory in which instructions or data can be stored temporarily (can lose data if they lose power)

ROM- contents are not lost if the power is turned off or interupted

RAM vs ROM

Secondary Storage

stores large amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than allowed with main memory.

Hard Disk Drive

Direct access storage device used to store and retrieve data from rapidly rotating disks coated with magnetic material

Solid State storage device

stores data in memory chips rather than on hard disk drives or optical media

storage area network

high-speed, special-purpose network that integrates different types of data storage devices into a single storage system and connects that​ to computing resources across an entire organization.

-keyboard and mouse

-motion-sensing input

-scanning devices

-optical data readers

-magnetic stripe cards

-chip cards

-point-of-sale devices

examples of input devices

output devices

-screens

-printers

examples of output devices

-single-user(smartphones, desktops, tablets etc)

-multi-user(servers, mainframe, supercomputer)

Two types of computer systems

Green computing

a program convened with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products.

Sphere of influence

the scope of the problems and opportunities that the software addresses

-system

-application

Two types of software

operating systems

set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface to application software

application software

to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise to solve problems and perform specific tasks

software bugs

a defect in a computer program that keeps it from performing as its users expect it to perform

-an org is operating unintegrated IS

-aquiring redundant systems

-wasting IS resources

Examples of computer related wastes

-missed opportunities

-increased hardware/software costs

-lost sales

Consequences of computer waste

-mishandling of computer output

-failures

-programing errors

-most caused by human error

computer-related mistakes

Decision making process

-gather information

-develop a problem statement

-consult those infloved as well as other appropiate resources

-identify options

-weigh the options

-choose an option

Libel: publishing an intentionally false written statement that is damaging to a person's or orgs reputation

privacy concern statement

Federal laws

Federal law permits employers to monitor email sent and received by employees

Email Monitoring - Is my work email private?

If an email system is used at a company, the employer owns it and is allowed to review its contents.

When I delete messages from my terminal, are they still in the system?

Yes. Email systems retain messages in memory even after they have been deleted.

Privacy Policy

type of is - Personal IS

includes IS that improve the productivity of individual users

type of is - Group IS

includes IS that improve communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup

type of is - Enterprise IS

includes IS that organizations use to define structured interactions among their own employees and/or external customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc...