marine bi - hoe

gyatt

Ecological roles of sponges

habitat . sponge loop . nutrient cycles

Economic roles of sponges

pharmacuetical - cancer and anti inflammitory drugs . spicules for architecture and bone regrowth research

OTHER feeding methods for sponges

symbiosis with algae . carnivory of crustaceans con small hooks .

two types of sponge support

spongin [outside] . spicules [inside]

How to filter feed

flagellum beat to make UNIDIRECTIONAL flow and nutrients hit cilia on choancytes just water out osculum amoebocytes [move nutrients . remove waste . reproduction]

Cnidarian basic characteristics

radial symmetry [good 4 movement and catching food from any angle], two tissue layers [ectoderm and gastrodermis], and a gastrovascular cavity.

Cnidarian anatomy:

ectoderm . gastrodermis . mesoglea . gastrovascular cavity . tentacles with cnidocytes . nerve net

Cnidarian Feeding

tentacles grab prey and disable with barb in cnidocyte

Cnidarian ecolog and econom

helps other animals with symbiosis and coral reefs making good biodiversity and protecting coastlines . toxins for med research

Cnidarians differences

HYDRA - sessile . polyp . makes colonies has unique properties TRUE JELLIES - motile . are plankton . sting prey . medusa CORALS-ANENOME - polyps - shallow water - algae symbiosis

Mollusk Types

Bivalve - Clam: 2 shells . No head . Foot . Syphons

Gastro - Snail: 1 shell . eyes on stalks . large foot . tentacles. [only terrestrial]

Cephlapod - Squid: reduced shell . tentacles . foot into 8 arms . mantle . syphon . brain . chromatophores

Gastropod Defense

Snail - Shell ::::: Slug - Toxins

Bivalve Loco

Locomotion [foot to bury . shell to clap [tech. motile]]

Bivalve Feeding

Filter Feeding [in incurrent syphon to gills out excurrent]

Gastropod Feeding

Use radula to feed on basically anything - are grazers . carnivores . scavengers

Cephlapod Communication

color change [chromatophores] and bioluminescense

Cephlapod Loco

Mantle takes in water then closes then shoots out the syphon and directs body [swims backwards]

Mollusk Ecos

ecosystem engineers - shells leave habitat

important as prey and predators

Threats

Overharvesting for human consumption

Climate change for CaCO3 shells - temp and acidity

Octopus Intelligence

2 of 3 neurons is in their arms . 500 mil neurons . central brain [large]