ionisation

hydroxide ion

OH-

sulfate ion

SO4 2-

nitrate ion

NO3-

carbonate ion

CO3 2-

ammonium ion

NH4+

how do you find the compound of an ion?

cross and drop the charges

properties of ionic compounds

• high melting points

• conducts electricity when melted or dissolved in water

why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

lots of strong ionic bonds in the solid, fixed structure take a lot of energy to break, requiring high temperatures

why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?

charged particles that can move can conduct electricity: ions or electrons

ion

when atoms lose or gain electrons

what must the state of the reactants be in ionic bonding?

metal + non-metal

what must the state of the reactants in a covalent bonding be?

non-metal+non-metal

which groups form ions easily?

1, 2, 6, and 7

why do groups 1,2,6, and 7 form bonds more easily?

they only need to gain or lose a small number of electrons and so less energy is required.

which groups do not form ions very easily>

3,4, and 5

why do groups 3, 4, and 5 not form ions very easily?

they need to gain or lose a large number of electrons and therefore more energy is required

which type of bonding are half equations used for?

ionic bonding

what is this an example of: Cl + e- → Cl-

half equation

what do dots and crosses represent on a dots and cross diagram?

electrons

metals cannot share they can only transfer.

what does share refer to? what does transfer refer to?

share - covalent bonding transfer - ionic bonding