Macroevolution

Phyletic gradualism​

Based off of Darwin’s work that suggested that change slowly accumulates as adaptation occurs.

Allopolyploidy

Doubling of chromosomes when to species cross to create a hybrid.

Postzygotic

Prevents the zygote from functioning properly.

Sympatric speciation

Individuals that are in the same geographic location but are isolated by other means (reproductive isolation)

Prezygotic

Prevents the formation of a zygote.

Can tetraploid plants mate?

They can mate with diploids but their offspring are sterile due to the odd number of chromosomes.

Genetic isolation

mismatched chromosomes prevents embryonic development.

Hybrid breakdown

Offspring has reduced fertility.

Punctuated equilibrium

Change occurs quicker in smaller population and is more gradual in large populations.

Mechanical isolation

Mismatched reproductive structures.

Peripheral isolates

Occurs at the outskirts of the parent population.

Allopatric speciation

Physical or geographic isolation leads to different characteristics acquired through microevolutionary mechanisms.

Reproductive isolation

Reproduction between two groups results in a viable and fertile offspring.

Autopolyploidy

Doubling of chromosomes to create tetraploid organisms, all copies of the chromosomes are from the same species.

What 4 microevolutionary can cause speciation?

Natural selection

Mutation

Non-random mating

genetic drift

What are the 5 Prezygotic factors

Ecological isolation

Temporal isolation

Behavioural isolation

Mechanical isolation

Prevention of gamete fusion

What are the 4 Postzygotic factors

Genetic isolation

Hybrid in-viability

Hybrid sterility

Hybrid breakdown

Allopolyploidy

Doubling of chromosomes when two species cross to create a hybrid.

Can hybrids mate?

The hybrid is often sterile, but miotic disjunction can create a fertile diploid hybrid, allowing it to interbreed with other similar hybrids.