Elimination and Related Disorders Lecture Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering elimination disorders including BPH, Encopresis, Enuresis, Hypospadias, Urinary Calculi, and Bowel Obstructions.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate that compresses the urethra, causing overt urinary obstruction; common in aging men.

Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

Pharmacologic therapy used for BPH that relaxes the smooth muscle of the bladder; examples include Alfuzosin, silodosin, prazosin, tadalafil, and oxybutynin.

5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors

Medications such as Finasteride and dutasteride that reduce the size of the prostate to treat BPH.

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

A physical diagnostic test used to assess the size and condition of the prostate gland.

PSA Blood Test

A diagnostic blood test used to screen for prostate issues, stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen.

Saw Palmetto and African plum

Complementary supplements sometimes used in the management of BPH.

Encopresis

Voluntary or involuntary retention of stool leading to constipation, dilation of the lower bowel, and incompetence of the inner sphincter.

Anorectal manometry

A diagnostic test for encopresis used to evaluate the pressure and motility of the rectum and anal sphincter.

Enuresis

Bedwetting during sleep in a child aged $7$ or older; more common in boys than girls.

Diurnal enuresis

Daytime urinary incontinence, which may be caused by bladder irritability or constipation.

Hypospadias

A congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the ventral surface of the penis.

Lithiases

The medical term for stone formation within the body.

Nephrolithiasis

The specific condition where stones (calculi) form within the kidney.

Urolithiasis

The formation of stones anywhere in the urinary tract other than the kidney.

Renal colic

Severe pain and sympathetic response caused by a stone obstructing the ureter and causing ureteral spasms.

Hydronephrosis

The buildup of urine and pressure behind an obstruction in the kidney, which can cause damage to the parenchyma.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A surgical procedure used to break up urinary calculi using shock waves.

Ureterolithotomy

Surgical intervention to remove a stone from the ureter.

Mechanical obstruction

A physical blockage of the intestinal lumen, often caused by adhesions, hernias, or tumors.

Functional/Paralytic obstruction

A non-mechanical intestinal obstruction where the bowel fails to move contents despite no physical blockage.

Volvulus

A mechanical bowel obstruction caused by the twisting of the intestine.

Intussusception

A condition where a segment of the intestine slides into the adjacent segment, causing a mechanical obstruction.

Obstipation

Severe or complete constipation that may lead to a large bowel obstruction.

Bowel decompression

The use of a Nasogastric Tube (NGT) to remove gas and fluid from the stomach and intestine in cases of small bowel obstruction.