paraphilias

fetishism

inanimate object elicit sexual arousal

ex. common objects are articles of clothing and materials made of rubber, leather, silk, or fur

partialism

-sexual arousal is exaggeratedly associated with a particular body part, such as feet, breasts, or buttocks

are most fetishes and partialisms harmless?

yes

transvestism

repeatedly dressed in clothes typical of women to achieve sexual arousal or gratification or is troubled by persistent recurring urges to wear women’s clothing

gender and sexuality prevalence of transvestism

mostly men

both gay and heterosexual males report transvestism

exhibitionism

urges and fantasies involving exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers

this provides sexual arousal or gratification

how common is exhibitionism

common, a sample of college women found that one third had been approached by a flasher.

are exhibitionists physically threatening

they usually are not, often lonely and sexually repressed

obscene telephone calling

sexual arousal rsults from shocking victims

telephone scatologia

a DSM label for a paraphilia characterized by the making of obscene telephone calls

vouyerism

characterized by observing unsuspecting strangers who are naked, disrobing, or engaged in sexual relations

how do voyerusts usually feel

often feel inadequate and lack social and sexual skills

majority are non-violent

sexual masochism

characertized by the desire or need for pain or humiliation to enhance sexual arousal

bondage

ritual restraint, as by shackles

hypoxyphilia

person seeks to enhance sexual arousal, usually during masturbating by becoming deprived of oxygen

what gender are masochists more

men but women masochists do exist

sexual sadism

characterized by the desire or need to inflict pain or humiliation on others to enhance sexual arousal

sadomasochism

a mutually gratifying sexual interaction between consenting sex partners

frotteurism

characterized by rubbing against or touching a non consenting person

toucherism

related to frotteurism and characterized by the persistent urge to fondle non consenting strangers

zoophilia

characterized by urges and fantasies involving sexual contact with animals

bestiality

involves actual sexual contact with an animal

necrophilia

characterized by desire for sexual activity with corpses

regular necropholia

sex with a dead person

necrophilic homicide

commit murder to obtain corpse for sexual purposes

necrophilic fantasy

fantasizes about sex with corpse

biological perspectives

examines factors such as the endocrine system and the nervous system

what have studies found about paraphiliacs and their sex drive

many paraphiliacs have a higher sex drive

electroencephalograph (EEG)

data show that paraphiliac men’s brains respond differently to sexual stimuli and paraphiliac stimuli compared to control subjects

cognitive behavioral perspective

-paraphilia are learned behaviors acquired through experience (an object or situation may be associated with sexual arousal, fantasies, or orgasm

-modeling or observational learning also may play a role

sociological perspectives

focus on social context, effects of the group, society in general

love-map perspective

acknowledges the multiple origins of paraphilia

money (2000) study

proposes that childhood experiences create a lovemap

-a mental representation of the idealized lover and the idealized erotic activity with the lover

lovemap

a term coined by psychologist John Money, is a conceptual framework describing a person’s unique "sexual template" or the mental blueprint of their sexual desires, preferences, and attractions. It encompasses the stimuli, scenarios, and characteristics that trigger sexual arousal and romantic attraction in an individual. This can include physical traits, situations, or behaviors.

what is the issue with treatment of paraphilias

many people do not want treatment and do not seek it voluntarily

psychoanalytic psychotherapy treatment

focuses on resolving unconscious conflicts

cbt treatment

focuses directly on changing behavior

types of cbt treatment

-systematic desensitization

-aversion therapy

-covert sensitization

systemic desensitization

a method for terminating the connections btw a stimulus and an inappropriate response

relaxation replaces sexual arousal

aversion therapy

a method of terminating undesirable sexual behavior in which the behavior is paired repeatedly with an aversive stimulus such as electric shock so that a conditioned aversion develops

covert sensitization

a form of aversion therapy in which thoughts of engaging in undesirable behavior are paired repeatedly with imagined aversive stimuli

what is covert sensitization used on

pedophilia

social skills training

behavior therapy methods for building social skills that rely on a therapists coaching and practice

what is social skills training used for

used to help individuals relate to the other gender

orgasmic reconditioning

a method for strengthening the connection btw sexual arousal and appropriate sexual stimuli by repeatedly pairing the desired stimuli with orgasm

which paraphilia’s are SSRI’s used for most commonly

-exhibitionism

-voyeurism

-fetishism

*may be used to treat the obsessive-compulsive quality of paraphilias*

anti androgen drug

a chemical substance that reduces the sex drive by lowering the level of testosterone in the bloodstream

can be reversed

what is anti-androgen drugs used on most commonly

treatment of sex offenders as it suppresses but does not eliminate sexual desire in men

through depo provera