Western Civ- The Roman Empire

What changes does Augustus do to reform Rome?

-Augustus keeps the senate but holds ultimate power, he wanted to be seen as democratic by sharing control of weaker provinces.

-He improved the economy by giving out grain and money when taxes fell short.

-He improved the empire’s security by pushing the borders to natural barriers like rivers and mountains.

Why were Christians persecuted in Rome?

• Suspicion of them after Emperor Nero blamed Christians for The Great Fire.

• Misunderstanding of Roman practices. Example: Holy kiss or calling fellow Christians brothers and sisters.

• Christians refused to worship Roman Gods or participate in non-Christian religious rituals. Like serving in the army or accepting public office.

Why did Christianity spread?

• Jesus’s message of love, mercy, and forgiveness attracted those who were in rough times.

• Roman roads helped share Christian teachings easily.

• Gave the poor hope of their being a heaven for anyone following Jesus.

Legacy of Rome?

• Rule of Law: Laws applied equally to all citizens shaping American legal system.

• Roads: Rome’s extensive network of roads influenced later European highways that followed the ancient routes.

• Christianity- Roman empire helped the rise and spread of Christianity. This shaped cultural customs and values. Most popular European religion.

How did Julius Caesar speed up the fall of the Roman Republic?

• Crossed the Rubicon with his army, defying the senate, and starting a civil war.

• Declared himself dictator for life, ending the practice of a six-month dictator term. Put absolute power in hands of one man.

• Ignored the senate on key issues and ruled on a golden throne like a king.

Why was Rome split into two empires?

• Rome was very large, which made it hard to protect and govern.

• Persia became a major threat.

• Many different cultures were difficult to control.

Was this split a success?

Partially successful. It was easier to govern and defend. The western empire fell, but the eastern empire Constantinople survived for centuries.

What happened to the Western Empire?

• It had weak leadership

• The East and West disliked each other

• East wouldn’t help the West with Barbarian invasions.

Why was Italy easier to unite than Greece?

• Geography: Less rugged mountains and islands, easier to travel and communicate. Fertile farmland supported a growing population.

• Rome was a centralized government.

• Rome had a more stable political structure. Ex. Twelve Tables, Checks and Balances.

Fall of the Roman Empire?

• Unclear succession plans poor political stability.

• Over-reliance on slaves 

• Inequality of Wealth