biol 191 lab 8 - chordates

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, postanal tail

4 characteristics in Phylum Chordata

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Urochordata, Tunicates, sessile adults, free-swiming larvae, bilateral symmetry

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, common name, structural information of this species

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Cephalochordata, Lancelets, many pharyngreal slits, notochord runs the entire length of dorsal nerve cord

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, common name, structural information of this species

• notochord replaced by vertebral column

• cranium (except for fishes)

• endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone

• neural crest - development of vertebrate structures

• internal organs (endocrine, circulatory, excretory)

• joint appendages

evolved features of Subpylum Vertebrata

wings, fins, legs, forelimbs, hindlimbs

examples of jointed appendages

1. Clade Cyclostomata - jawless fish

2. Clade Chondrichthyes - cartilaginos fishes (sharks, skates, rays)

3. Clade Osteichthyes - bony fishes and lobe-finned fishes

Classes of fish that live in water

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Cyclostomata, Jawless fishes; 2 chambered heart, cartilaginous skeletons, no paired fins, single nostril, no scales

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade, common name, structural information of this species

gnathosomes

vertebrates with true jaws

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Cartilaginous fishes; gnathosome, cartilaginous skeleton, placoid scales, paired fins, nares (paired nostrils), males have claspers to transfer sperm, birth are viviparous, oviparous, or ovoviparous, caudal fin longer than ventral side, 2 chambered heart

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade, common name, structural information of this species

viviparous

live birth

ovoviviparous

egg is hatched internally, followed by live birth

oviparous

hatched from egg

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Osteichthyes, bony fishes; fusiformed for locomotion, dermal scales, lateral line is a sensory organ to detect vibrations, swim bladder keeps them buoyant,

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade, common name, structural information of this species

• Clade Actinopterygii - bony rayed fish

• Clade Sarcopterygii - lung fish and coelacanths (fleshy fins)

name the two clades from Clade Osteichtyes

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Amphibia; 3 possible types of respiration: lungs (adults), through the skin, gills (larval), three chambered heart, ectothermic, tympanic membrane (hearing by sensing vibrations)

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade, structural information of this species

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Reptilia, Reptiles; amniotic eggs (bypass larval stage), ectothermic, 3-4 chambered hearts, lay eggs

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade, common name, structural information of this species

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Aves, Birds; endothermic, 4 chambered heart, 3 kinds of feathers: contour (flight), down (insulation), filoplumes feathers (sensory)

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade, common name, structural information of this species

• hair

• mammary glands

• endothermic

• 4 chambered heart

traits of modern mammals

• quadrapedal (4 footed)

• 5 digits on each limb

early mammal traits

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Mammalia; Monotremata (monotremes), Metatheria (marsupials), Eutheria (placental mammals)

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class/Clade; 3 subgroups

cloaca

only in monotremes:
single opening where digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems all discharge

• bilateral

• tripoblastic

• coelomate

• deuterostome

name the following for vertebrata:

• symmetry

• tissue organization

• body cavity

• embryonic development