25 - Haemostasis and haemocoagulation. Vascular-thrombocyte and coagulation haemostasis. Fibrinolysis and anticoagulation mechanisms. Control of haemostasis.

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Last updated 3:32 PM on 7/17/26
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7 Terms

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section

haemostasis in bleeding

vascular homeostasis

thrombocyte

platelets release prothrombin

fibrinolysis

anticoagulation

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haemostasis

  • Haemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding through the walls of damaged blood vessels, while providing a framework for tissue repair

  • Involves coagulation- blood turns from liquid to gel.

  • Has 3 main stages- vascular, thrombocyte and coagulation.

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vascular haemostasis

  1. Phase 1:Endothelial cells contract exposing underlying basal lamina to the bloodstream.

  2. Phase 2: Endothelial cells secrete chemical factors and local hormones including endothelin. stimulates smooth muscles fibre contractions (vascular spasms). This speeds up the process.

  3. Phase 3: Endothelial cells have sticky ends to close the vessel also facilitates the attachment of platelets.

<ol><li><p>Phase 1:Endothelial cells contract exposing underlying basal lamina to the bloodstream.</p></li><li><p>Phase 2: Endothelial cells secrete chemical factors and local hormones including endothelin. stimulates smooth muscles fibre contractions (vascular spasms). This speeds up the process.</p></li><li><p>Phase 3: Endothelial cells have sticky ends to close the vessel also facilitates the attachment of platelets.</p></li></ol><p></p>
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thrombocyte

Thrombocytes--Platelets aggregate to form plugs, platelets release prothrombin

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Coagulation

  • fibrinogen → insoluble fibrin

  • As the fibrin network grows, it covers the surface of the platelet plug.

  • Passing blood cells and platelets become trapped in the fibrous network forming a clot.

  • This blood clot eventually seals off the damaged vessel

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fibrinolysis

  • the process where a clot gradually dissolves as repairs proceed, so no obstruction in blood flow

    • This is conducted by the protein- thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator which is produced by damaged tissue at the site of injury

    • Activated plasminogen enzyme forms plasmin.

    • Plasmin breaks down the fibrin strands and erodes the foundation of the clot

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anticoagulation

  • Process of preventing blood clots.

  • Several substances act to deactivate or reverse clotting factors.

  • Angiothrombin III is an anticoagulant in the blood that inhibits clotting factors such as thrombin.

  • Heparin accelerates antithrombin III production.

  • Thrombodulin is released by endothelial cells. It binds with thrombin , this causes it to activate protein C.

  • Protein C stimulates the formation of plasmin, an enzyme that gradually breaks down fibrin strands.